Tuberculosis and HIV infection: a cohort study of incidence and susceptibility to antituberculous drugs, Bordeaux, 1985-1993. Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine.

Objectives: To assess the temporal trends in incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in HIV-infected patients, to evaluate the impact of pulmonary TB on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1993 AIDS case definition and to assess the frequency of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain resistance.

Design: A retrospective study within a cohort.

Setting: The Bordeaux University Hospital and three general hospitals in Aquitaine, southwest France.

Genotypic evolution of HIV-1 isolates from patients after a switch of therapy from zidovudine to didanosine.

The existence of zidovudine (ZDV)-resistant and didanosine (ddI)-resistant human immunodeficiency-1 (HIV-1) variants mutated in the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene has been previously demonstrated. In this study, we tried to follow up the genotypic changes in the RT after the switch of therapy from ZDV to ddI. We studied HIV-1 isolates from 11 patients undergoing ddI therapy.

[Effect of primary prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the inaugural clinical and biological presentation of AIDS: 624 cases (Aquitaine Cohort, 1985-1994)].

In a cohort of HIV-infected patients, this study compares the clinical and immunological features at the time of AIDS diagnosis of patients who either received primary Pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis (P+; n = 335) or who did not (P-; n = 289). Frequency of P carinii pneumonia was lower in P+ than in P- patients (14.9% vs 26.

[Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex infections in AIDS. Apropos of 100 cases. Groupe d'Epidémiologie clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine].

The improvement of survival of AIDS patients allowed the emergence of disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex infections (D.MAC). Here we report the experience of the group of "Epidémiologie clinique du sida en Aquitaine (GECSA)" about 100 patients.

[Neurologic manifestations of Lyme disease. Apropos of 25 cases].

We studied retrospectively the cases of neurological forms of Lyme disease observed in two internal and two neurological departments from 1986 till 1993. Twenty five cases have been collected among 15 men and ten women whose mean age was 61 years. Tick bites were previously noticed in 11 cases.

[Clinical, biological and developmental aspects of cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompetent patients: apropos of 34 hospitalized patients].

We reviewed the thirty cases of cytomegalovirus infections with occurred in previously healthy patients, hospitalised for fever from 1981 to 1992. Pregnant women, transplant recipients, HIV infected persons and all immunocompromised subjects were excluded. We observed 34 cases (18 women, 16 men) whose mean age was 34 years (17 to 79).

[Epidemiological, clinical, biological and developmental aspects of leptospirosis: apropos of 30 cases in Aquitaine].

We have studied retrospectively 30 cases of leptospirosis observed in Aquitaine (South West France) from 1980 till 1992. This review was made in three internal and a nephrology department in Bordeaux hospital. Most cases occurred by indirect contact with infected animals or by occupational exposures.

Pyrimethamine plus azithromycin for treatment of acute toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS.

A prospective study was conducted to evaluate azithromycin in combination with pyrimethamine for treatment of acute Toxoplasma encephalitis in patients with AIDS. Of the 14 patients given 75 mg pyrimethamine and 500 mg azithromycin daily for four weeks, eight were evaluable for clinical response. Five responded favorably, one had an intermediate response and two an unfavorable response.

[Cerebral toxoplasmosis in AIDS. 73 cases. Clinical Epidemiology Group on AIDS in Aquitania].

A presumptive diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis was made in 73 of the 428 AIDS patients followed in the Bordeaux Regional Hospital between 1985 and 1990. The sex ratio (M:F) was 2.8:1.

Pharmacokinetics of intravenous and intraperitoneal ceftazidime in chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

The pharmacokinetics of ceftazidime have been investigated in eight patients with chronic renal failure undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Each subject was given ceftazidime 1 g intravenously and 1 g intraperitoneally at an interval of 1 week. Ceftazidime was assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

[Neurologic manifestations in Lyme disease. Apropos of 22 cases].

The main clinical and biological features of 22 cases of neurological forms of Lyme disease are reviewed. Radiculitis (n = 15), cranial nevritis (n = 7), meningitis (n = 5) and encephalitis (n = 4) are often associated. Tick bites were previously noticed in only 40% of cases; erythema chronicum migrans in 73%, "one to six months before the onset of neurological symptoms".

[Primary prevention of cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with HIV infection: results of a double-blind randomized trial, pyrimethamine versus placebo].

To assess the efficacy of pyrimethamine (Pyr) for primary prophylaxis of cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) in HIV patients (pts), 554 pts were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (mean follow-up: 14 months). The intent-to-treat analysis found no significant difference in the incidence of ct at 1 year: 12% (Pyr) versus 13% (Pcb) nor in survival. Side-effects leading to stop the study drug were more frequent in Pyr group, especially cutaneous rashes: 8% (Pyr) versus 2% (Pcb).

[Risk factors of cerebral toxoplasmosis in patients with HIV infection: data of a primary prevention trial].

To identify risk factors for cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) in HIV patients (pts) with positive serology for Toxoplasma gondii and CD4 < 200/mm3, data from the placebo group (N = 280) of a primary prophylaxis trial, were analyzed. The probability of onset of CT (n = 46) was, at one year, 13.1%.

[Prognostic role of pregnancy on the course of HIV infection: a retrospective cohort study (1985-92)].

In a hospital-based cohort study of HIV-infected patients, we compare the progression of the disease (occurrence of CDC group IV, death, decline of CD4 below 200/mm3) between 55 women with delivery and 89 matched control HIV positive women with no history of pregnancy. After a mean follow-up of three years, no significant difference was observed between the two groups even after adjustment on prognostic variables.

[Action profile of a semisynthetic human isophane zinc insulin compared with customary isophane insulin].

Addition of zinc to a protamine-isophane insulin should probably allow to lengthen its duration of action. Therefore we compared the action of this new type of insulin (NPH Zn) with that of a classical protamine-isophane NPH insulin (NPH); both were manufactured by the same firm. Five healthy volunteers were connected to an artificial pancreas.

Women and HIV infection: a cohort study of 483 HIV-infected women in Bordeaux, France, 1985-1991. The Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine.

Objectives: To study the epidemiological trends, clinical patterns, evolution and prognosis of HIV infection in women.

Design: Cohort study of 1816 HIV-infected patients.

Results: Up to 1 January 1991, 483 (26.