Burden of illness in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease: a real-world analysis.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension due to interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD) is associated with high rates of respiratory failure and death. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and cost data are needed to characterize PH-ILD disease burden.

Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database and Medicare Supplemental Database between June 2015 to June 2019 was conducted.

Burden of pulmonary hypertension due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Analysis of exacerbations and healthcare resource utilization in the United States.

Background: The burden of pulmonary hypertension (PH) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not well understood. The present retrospective cohort study aimed to quantify the clinical and economic burden of PH in patients with COPD.

Methods: Adults with COPD were retrospectively identified in the Optum® Clinformatics® Data Mart between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2021.

Inhaled treprostinil vs iloprost: Comparison of adherence, persistence, and health care resource utilization in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with a substantial clinical and economic burden. Inhaled prostacyclins are a well-established part of pharmacotherapy for PAH. There are differences between inhaled therapies in the burden imposed by administration frequency.

Considerations When Selecting Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension: A Narrative Review.

It is well established that pulmonary hypertension (PH) places a substantial burden on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). As more effective treatments have been developed for this condition, evaluating treatment benefit based on experiences reported by patients regarding their well-being and physical, social, and emotional functioning has increased. A review of the published literature and clinical trials in PH was conducted to identify and evaluate patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that assess PH-specific HRQoL for use in clinical studies.

Identifying Patients with Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with COPD or ILD Using an Administrative Claims Database.

Background: Group 3 pulmonary hypertension (PH) describes a subpopulation of patients with PH due to chronic lung disease and/or hypoxia, with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) being two large subgroups. Claims database studies provide insights into the real-world treatment patterns and outcomes among these patients. However, claims data do not provide sufficient detail to assign the clinical subtype of PH required for identifying these patients.

Reasons for refusing parenteral therapy: a qualitative study of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

While parenteral prostacyclin (pPCY) therapy, delivered either subcutaneously or intravenously, is recommended for pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with severe or rapidly developing disease, some patients refuse this treatment. This study aimed to understand, directly from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, why pPCY was refused and, in some cases, later accepted. Interviews were conducted with 25 pulmonary arterial hypertension patients who previously refused pPCY therapy (Group A: Refused/Never initiated (n = 9) and Group B: Refused/Initiated (n = 16)).

Opioid-related respiratory and gastrointestinal adverse events in patients with acute postoperative pain: prevalence, predictors, and burden.

Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are challenging, resource-intensive, and costly opioid-related adverse events (ORAEs). Utilizing the Premier Healthcare Database, we identified patients > 18 years old, who underwent at least one surgical procedure of interest (i.e.

IMPLICATION OF ALTERNATIVE MINIMAL CLINICALLY IMPORTANT DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD ESTIMATION METHODS ON TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT.

Objectives: Various minimal clinically important difference (MCID) threshold estimation techniques have been applied to seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). The objectives of this study are to (i) assess the difference in magnitude of alternative SAR MCID threshold estimates and (ii) evaluate the impact of alternative MCID estimates on health technology assessment (HTA).

Methods: Data describing change from baseline of the reflective Total Nasal Symptom Score (rTNSS) for four intranasal SAR treatments were obtained from United States Food and Drug Administration-approved prescribing information.

Is Meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for Protein Related to Body Composition among Older Adults?: Results from the Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and Built Environment Study.

Objective: Studies suggest protein intake may be associated with lower body weight, but protein has also been associated with preservation of lean body mass. Understanding the role of protein in maintaining health for older adults is important for disease prevention among this population.

Design: Cross-sectional study of the relationship of dietary protein on body composition.

Diet quality of urban older adults age 60 to 99 years: the Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and Built Environment Study.

There are few studies that evaluate dietary intakes and predictors of diet quality in older adults. The objectives of this study were to describe nutrient intakes and examine associations between demographic, economic, behavioral, social environment, and health status factors and diet quality. Cross-sectional data were from black, white, and Hispanic adults, age 60 to 99 years, living independently in New York City and participating in the Cardiovascular Health of Seniors and the Built Environment Study, 2009-2011 (n=1,306).

Physical activity and sedentary behavior among adults 60 years and older: New York City residents compared with a national sample.

This study describes moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior among New York City (NYC) residents 60 years and older and compared with national United States' estimates. Adults aged 60 or older living in NYC (n = 760) were compared with similar aged adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; n = 2,451 adults). Both groups wore an ActiGraph accelerometer for one week.

Brooklyn, New York foodscape 2007-2011: a five-year analysis of stability in food retail environments.

Background: Food retail studies have focused on the availability of food stores, and on disparities in food access by neighborhood race and income level. Previous research does not address possible changes in local food environments over time, because little is known about the extent to which food environments fluctuate.

Methods: Records of stores licensed to sell food with the New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets from 2007-2011 were compared to detect differences in the total number of food stores and supermarkets annually, as well as the total change for the five-year period.

Navigating the urban food environment: challenges and resilience of community-dwelling older adults.

Objective: Identify factors involved in food shopping among older urban adults.

Design: A qualitative study of 30 in-depth interviews and 15 "tagalong" shopping trip observations were conducted.

Setting: Brooklyn, New York.

Objective measurement of physical activity and sedentary behavior among US adults aged 60 years or older.

Introduction: Estimates of objectively measured physical activity among older adults differ depending on the cut points used to define intensity. Our objective was to assess 1) moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), exploring differences in prevalence depending on the cut point used, and 2) sedentary behavior, among US adults aged 60 years or older.

Methods: We used the most recently available accelerometer data (2003-2004 and 2005-2006) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Air pollution, lung function, and physical symptoms in communities near concentrated Swine feeding operations.

Background: Concentrated animal feeding operations emit air pollutants that may affect health. We examined associations of reported hog odor and of monitored air pollutants with physical symptoms and lung function in people living within 1.5 miles of hog operations.

An evaluation of a neighborhood-level intervention to a local food environment.

Background: The impact of local availability of healthy foods on dietary intake and health has been established. Interventions to local environments are being evaluated for their efficacy and sustainability.

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to provide an evaluation of a community-driven approach to transform neighborhood healthy food availability.

Water privatization, water source, and pediatric diarrhea in Bolivia: epidemiologic analysis of a social experiment.

Water and sanitation services are fundamental to the prevention of pediatric diarrhea. To enhance both access to water and investment, some argue for the privatization of municipal water networks. Water networks in multiple Bolivian cities were privatized in the 1990s, but contracts ended following popular protests citing poor access.

Obesity prevalence and the local food environment.

Disparities in access to healthy foods have been identified particularly in the United States. Fewer studies have measured the effects these disparities have on diet-related health outcomes. This study measured the association between the presence of food establishments and obesity among 1295 adults living in the southern region of the United States.

Fish consumption and body burden of organochlorines among lower Hudson urban anglers.

Background: Polychlorinated biphenyls and other organochlorines have contaminated the Hudson River and New York/New Jersey Harbor for many decades. Although body burdens and health effects resulting from exposure to these pollutants have been measured in other populations, little is known about anglers from the lower Hudson area.

Methods: Anglers were recruited from fishing clubs and along piers on the lower Hudson River.

The utilization of local food environments by urban seniors.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe food shopping patterns for urban seniors and measure the influence of neighborhood and individual level factors on intake of fresh fruits and vegetables.

Method: Between September 2005 and August 2006, 314 Black, White and Latino participants from ten Brooklyn Senior Centers were interviewed about types of produce recently purchased, satisfaction with selection, cost and quality of produce, intake of produce, and location of food store used to purchase produce.

Results: Individual level factors (race/ethnicity and age) were significantly associated with produce intake.

Race and food store availability in an inner-city neighbourhood.

Background: A growing body of research has shown that disparities in resources, including food stores, exist at the neighbourhood level and the greatest disparities are seen in minority neighbourhoods, the same neighbourhoods at increased risk of obesity and diabetes. Less is known about whether differences in availability of resources by African American or Latino race/ethnicity exist within a single minority community.

Objective: The present study examined whether census blocks either 75% African American (AA) or 75% Latino (L) are associated with food store availability, as compared with racially mixed (RM) census blocks, in East Harlem, New York.

Disparities in the availability of fruits and vegetables between racially segregated urban neighbourhoods.

Objective: Public health professionals continue to see the benefits of fruit and vegetable consumption on population health. While studies that evaluate the availability of produce are sparse in the medical literature, disparities in availability may explain the disproportional intake of produce for some people. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the availability and variety of produce located in two racially and economically diverse urban neighbourhoods.