Measurement of the inclusive electron neutrino charged current cross section on carbon with the T2K near detector.

The T2K off-axis near detector ND280 is used to make the first differential cross-section measurements of electron neutrino charged current interactions at energies ∼1  GeV as a function of electron momentum, electron scattering angle, and four-momentum transfer of the interaction. The total flux-averaged ν(e) charged current cross section on carbon is measured to be ⟨σ⟩(ϕ)=1.11±0.

[Second use of preserved aortic cusps for bentall procedure after aortic valve replacement with intravalvular implantation technique in aortitis syndrome].

A 44-year-old woman who had undergone aortic valve replacement with intravalvular implantation technique due to aortitis syndrome 13 years before, required Bentall procedure and hemiarch replacement because of the tissue valve dysfunction and the root and ascending aortic aneurysms. The exposed native aortic cusps sandwiched between the felt pledgets and the tissue valve seemed to be useful in reinforcing the proximal anastomosis of the composite graft. A combination of an intravalvular implantation technique and a skirted composite graft technique was applied, and her postoperative course has been uneventful for more than 2 and a half years.

Preventive effect of Daiokanzoto (TJ-84) on 5-fluorouracil-induced human gingival cell death through the inhibition of reactive oxygen species production.

Daiokanzoto (TJ-84) is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine (Kampo formulation). While many Kampo formulations have been reported to regulate inflammation and immune responses in oral mucosa, there is no evidence to show that TJ-84 has beneficial effects on oral mucositis, a disease resulting from increased cell death induced by chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In order to develop effective new therapeutic strategies for treating oral mucositis, we investigated (i) the mechanisms by which 5-FU induces the death of human gingival cells and (ii) the effects of TJ-84 on biological events induced by 5-FU.

Effects of intake of fish or fish oils on the development of diabetes.

The association between fish and fish oils intake and diabetes remains largely unknown. Here we systematically reviewed published articles (clinical trials, prospective cohort studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses) about the effects of intake of fish or fish oils on the development of diabetes. An intake of fish oils seems not to affect insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, beta-cell function or glucose tolerance.

Identification of a mammalian vesicular polyamine transporter.

Spermine and spermidine act as neuromodulators upon binding to the extracellular site(s) of various ionotropic receptors, such as N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. To gain access to the receptors, polyamines synthesized in neurons and astrocytes are stored in secretory vesicles and released upon depolarization. Although vesicular storage is mediated in an ATP-dependent, reserpine-sensitive fashion, the transporter responsible for this process remains unknown.

A safe method for marking small pulmonary nodules with crystal violet.

Introduction: The number of cases of wedge resection of small-sized pulmonary nodules performed under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is increasing. Computed tomography (CT)-guided marking with hook wires has been used to locate the nodules that are not identifiable under VATS. However, this method is invasive and is associated with a risk of complications.

Search for nucleon decay via n→ν[over ¯]π0 and p→ν[over ¯]π+ in Super-Kamiokande.

We present the results of searches for nucleon decay via n→ν[over ¯]π0 and p→ν[over ¯]π+ using data from a combined 172.8  kt·yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande-I,-II, and-III. We set lower limits on the partial lifetime for each of these modes: τn→ν[over ¯]π0>1.

Search for bosonic superweakly interacting massive dark matter particles with the XMASS-I detector.

Bosonic superweakly interacting massive particles (super-WIMPs) are a candidate for warm dark matter. With the absorption of such a boson by a xenon atom, these dark matter candidates would deposit an energy equivalent to their rest mass in the detector. This is the first direct detection experiment exploring the vector super-WIMPs in the mass range between 40 and 120 keV.

gene promoter polymorphisms correlate with a poor prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer.

An imbalance to the regulation of the immune system changes the tumor-specific T-cell immunity in the cancer microenvironment and adjusts the tumor progression and metastasis. Inhibiting the interactions of the immune function mediates the antitumor activity in preclinical models. The programmed death 1 () gene -606 G/A polymorphism, which may modify promoter activity and is Asian-specific, was investigated by TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay in surgically treated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases.

Vascular-resident CD169-positive monocytes and macrophages control neutrophil accumulation in the kidney with ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Monocytes and kidney-resident macrophages are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Several subsets of monocytes and macrophages are localized in the injured tissue, but the pathologic roles of these cells are not fully understood. Here, we show that CD169(+) monocytes and macrophages have a critical role in preventing excessive inflammation in IRI by downregulating intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on vascular endothelial cells.

Genetic profiling of thymic carcinoma using targeted next-generation sequencing.

Objectives: Thymic carcinoma is a rare mediastinal neoplasm and little is known about its tumorigenesis. There is no effective treatment except for complete resection, and the prognosis of advanced cases is poor. To identify the mutations associated with tumorigenesis, we analyzed genetic profile of thymic carcinoma using targeted next-generation sequencing.

Search for trilepton nucleon decay via p→e+νν and p→μ+νν in the Super-Kamiokande experiment.

The trilepton nucleon decay modes p→e+νν and p→μ+νν violate |Δ(B-L)| by two units. Using data from a 273.4 kt yr exposure of Super-Kamiokande a search for these decays yields a fit consistent with no signal.

IgG4-Related Prostatitis Impairs Objective Urinary Function as with Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: A Case Report Successfully Treated with Transurethral Resection.

Case: We report a case of IgG4-related prostatitis successfully treated with transurethral resection of the prostate (TUR-P). A 47-year-old man with a history of autoimmune pancreatitis and sclerosing cholangitis presented with lower urinary tract symptoms. Because ultrasonography revealed a mildly enlarged prostate and uroflowmetry showed a severely diminished flow curve, benign prostatic hyperplasia was diagnosed.

Analysis of medialisation of the femoral head in periacetabular osteotomy using three-dimensional computed tomography.

Background: Periacetabular osteotomy has been established as an effective treatment for osteoarthritis caused by developmental dysplasia of the hip. Medialisation of the femoral head during periacetabular osteotomy is crucial for providing significant reduction in joint contact stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effective procedures for medialisation of the femoral head during periacetabular osteotomy using three-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT).

Investigation of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor 1 fusions and neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor family expression in non-small-cell lung cancer and sensitivity to AZD7451 .

Advances in the molecular segmentation of lung cancer has raised the possibility that neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) 1 fusions and NTRK1-3 expression may be promising molecular targets for future therapeutic interventions. We investigated the antitumor effects of a selective pan-NTRK inhibitor, AZD7451, by evaluating its antiproliferative effects on the KM12 cell line (a colorectal cancer cell line harboring a tropomyosin-NTRK1 fusion) and the H460 and H810 cell lines [large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) cell lines expressing NTRK2]. Relative quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to measure the mRNA levels of the NTRK1-3 tyrosine kinase domain using cDNA extracted from KM12, H460 and H810 cells.

Prognosis of recurrent non-small cell lung cancer following complete resection.

Prognosis following recurrence subsequent to complete resection of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered a multifactorial process dependent on clinicopathological, biological and treatment characteristics. Gefitinib was approved for lung cancer treatment in Japan in 2002. The aim of the current study was to quantify the prognostic effects of these characteristics on post-recurrence prognosis.

Simultaneous bilateral testicular metastases from renal clear cell carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature.

Metastasis from renal cell carcinoma (RCC) to the testis is rare. This case report presented an extremely rare case of simultaneous bilateral testicular metastases from RCC in a 65-year-old man who had experienced indolent scrotal enlargement over a period of several months. Scrotal ultrasonography showed 4.

[Assessment of traumatic rib fractures caused by traffic accident].

We reviewed 66 cases of traumatic rib fracture by traffic accident between January 2009 and December 2011. The age of patients ranged from 18 to 88 years, with an average age of 55.6, and they were predominantly male.

Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 is critical for follicular helper T cell retention in germinal centers.

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells access the B cell follicle to promote antibody responses and are particularly important for germinal center (GC) reactions. However, the molecular mechanisms of how Tfh cells are physically associated with GCs are incompletely understood. We report that the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) gene is highly expressed in a subpopulation of Tfh cells that localizes in GCs.

Precise measurement of the neutrino mixing parameter θ23 from muon neutrino disappearance in an off-axis beam.

New data from the T2K neutrino oscillation experiment produce the most precise measurement of the neutrino mixing parameter θ23. Using an off-axis neutrino beam with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV and a data set corresponding to 6.

Three-dimensional Fe(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymers with electrochromic properties of quick switching, large contrast, and high coloration efficiency.

A series of Fe(II)-based metallo-supramolecular polymers with three-dimensional (3-D) structures were synthesized by the stepwise complexation of an Fe(II) salt with different ratios of a linear bis(terpyridine) ligand and a branched tris(terpyridine) ligand. Atomic force microscopy images of the polymer films showed a drastic change in the surface morphology upon varying the amount of the branched ligand. The surface of a designed 3-D construction film showed a highly porous structure (pore size: approximately 30-50 nm in diameter), probably due to the formation of a hyperbranched polymer structure.

gene overexpression in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Recent study results have demonstrated that a subclass of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) cytidine deaminase may induce mutation clusters in various types of cancer. From the Cancer Genome Altas, an APOBEC mutation pattern was identified in bladder, cervical, breast, head and neck and lung cancers. In the present study, mRNA expression was investigated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay using LightCycler in surgically treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases.

Selective edge modification in graphene and graphite by chemical oxidation.

The effect of edge structures in graphene sheets has been well investigated theoretically but most experimental demonstrations of the functionalization have been for the bulk structures because of only a few reports on chemical methods to modify the edges selectively. We herein report a chemical method using the Lemieux-von Rudloff reagent that selectively oxidizes only the edges of graphene sheets. The selective oxidation at the edges of the graphene sheet was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman mapping measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).