Alternative mating pattern in is associated with polyandry and male-biased sex ratio.

Although cephalopods are primarily polyandrous, genetic evidence revealed rare monogamy in . Here, we studied the sister species . We found that copulation began in early July, with egg spawning occurring in early August.

Gender and racial diversity Assumed by text-to-image generators in microsurgery and plastic surgery-related subspecialities.

Background: Since the release of ChatGPT by OpenAI in November 2022, generative artificial intelligence (AI) models have attracted significant attention in various fields, including surgery. These advancements have been particularly notable for creating highly detailed and contextually accurate images from textual prompts. A notable area of clinical application is the representation of surgeon demographics in various specialties, particularly in the context of microsurgery and plastic surgery-related subspecialties.

Patient-Centric Approach to Personalized Electronic Medical Records via QR Code in Japan.

Government policies in the United States and the European Union promote standardization and value creation in the use of FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability) data, which can enhance trust in digital health systems and is crucial for their success. Trust is built through elements such as FAIR data access, interoperability, and improved communication, which are essential for fostering innovation in digital health technologies. This Viewpoint aims to report on exploratory research demonstrating the feasibility of testing a patient-centric data flow model facilitating semantic interoperability on precision medical information.

Experimental method for creating skin with acquired appendage dysfunction.

Mammalian skin appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands, are essential for both esthetic and functional purposes. Conditions such as burns and ulcers can lead to dysfunction or loss of skin appendages and result in hair loss and dry skin, posing challenges in their regeneration. Existing animal models are insufficient for studying acquired dysfunction of skin appendages without underlying genetic causes.

Molecular basis for the diversification of lincosamide biosynthesis by pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes.

The biosynthesis of the lincosamide antibiotics lincomycin A and celesticetin involves the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes LmbF and CcbF, which are responsible for bifurcation of the biosynthetic pathways. Despite recognizing the same S-glycosyl-L-cysteine structure of the substrates, LmbF catalyses thiol formation through β-elimination, whereas CcbF produces S-acetaldehyde through decarboxylation-coupled oxidative deamination. The structural basis for the diversification mechanism remains largely unexplored.

Incorporating concrete waste as additive in acidic fermentation-A novel approach for enhanced biohydrogen production and concrete mass reduction.

Acidic fermentation (AF) of organic waste/wastewater generates valuable byproducts, including hydrogen, volatile fatty acids, and ethanol; however, its sensitivity to pH drops limits the stability and efficiency of the process. A reversal process, the acidic chemical treatment of concrete waste (CW) to recycle its aggregates, generates calcium hydroxide, which can serve as buffering agent. Meanwhile, integrating both processes can introduce a sustainable win-win approach, which is the aim of this study.

Easy and accurate protein structure prediction using ColabFold.

Since its public release in 2021, AlphaFold2 (AF2) has made investigating biological questions, by using predicted protein structures of single monomers or full complexes, a common practice. ColabFold-AF2 is an open-source Jupyter Notebook inside Google Colaboratory and a command-line tool that makes it easy to use AF2 while exposing its advanced options. ColabFold-AF2 shortens turnaround times of experiments because of its optimized usage of AF2's models.

A case of idiopathic superior lumbar hernia repaired using a transabdominal laparoscopic approach.

The patient is a 78-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with left lumbar back pain as her chief complaint. She was diagnosed with superior lumbar hernia. There was no history of abdominal or lumbar surgery, or trauma, so the condition was considered idiopathic.

Improved Sympathetic Activity With Short-Term Effects of Yoga in Young Adults.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the heart rate variability (HRV) transition after a single yoga program. Participants were 22 females who were healthy university students and had never practiced yoga before. They practiced yoga while recording their HRV.

Correlation between Na-Cs Ion Exchange Properties in the Alkaline Form and Acid Strength in the Proton Form of Zeolite.

The ion exchange function of zeolite is useful for such a purpose as the removal of radioactive Cs species from water. In the very early days of zeolite science, the affinity of zeolites for metal cations was explained based on geometry. After the explanation presented above was proposed, many new zeolites and related materials were discovered or synthesized.

Optimization of an adeno-associated viral vector for epidermal keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo.

Background: Local gene therapies, including in vivo genome editing, are highly anticipated for the treatment of genetic diseases in skin, especially the epidermis. While the adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a potent vector for in vivo gene delivery, the lack of efficient gene delivery methods has limited its clinical applications.

Objective: To optimize the AAV gene delivery system with higher gene delivery efficiency and specificity for epidermis and keratinocytes (KCs), using AAV capsid and promoter engineering technologies.

Insights into stereoselective ring formation in canonical strigolactone: Identification of a dirigent domain-containing enzyme catalyzing orobanchol synthesis.

Strigolactones (SLs) are plant apocarotenoids with diverse roles and structures. Canonical SLs, widespread and characterized by structural variations in their tricyclic lactone (ABC-ring), are classified into two types based on C-ring configurations. The steric C-ring configuration emerges during the BC-ring closure, downstream of the biosynthetic intermediate, carlactonoic acid (CLA).

A case of an electric toothbrush tip penetrating from the oral cavity to the submandibular gland.

This report describes a case of an electric toothbrush head being retained between the floor of the mouth and the submandibular gland following a fall. Computed tomography imaging is recommended in cases of oral cavity damage to assess tissue damage and ascertain the position of the foreign body concerning blood vessels.

Treatment Effectiveness and Recurrence of Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations Following Surgical Operations: A 15-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: At present, there is no golden standard for treatment of extracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) and recurrence remains a major challenge with limited available evidence on the associated factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment options, in terms of size reduction, symptoms, and early recurrence in patients treated surgically for AVMs.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate patients with AVMs following surgical treatment in 2 centers from 2005 to 2020.

Performance of artificial intelligence chatbots in interpreting clinical images of pressure injuries.

To evaluate the accuracy of AI chatbots in staging pressure injuries according to the National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP) Staging through clinical image interpretation, a cross-sectional design was conducted to assess five leading publicly available AI chatbots. As a result, three chatbots were unable to interpret the clinical images, whereas GPT-4 Turbo achieved a high accuracy rate (83.0%) in staging pressure injuries, notably outperforming BingAI Creative mode (24.

Blepharoptosis Consultation with Artificial Intelligence: Aesthetic Surgery Advice and Counseling from Chat Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (ChatGPT).

Background: Chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) is a publicly available extensive artificial intelligence (AI) language model that leverages deep learning to generate text that mimics human conversations. In this study, the performance of ChatGPT was assessed by offering insightful and precise answers to a series of fictional questions and emulating a preliminary consultation on blepharoplasty.

Methods: ChatGPT was posed with questions derived from a blepharoplasty checklist provided by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons.

QM/MM Study of the Catalytic Mechanism and Substrate Specificity of the Aromatic Substrate -Methyltransferase Fur6.

In the field of medical chemistry and other organic chemistry, introducing a methyl group into a designed position has been difficult to achieve. However, owing to the vigorous developments in the field of enzymology, methyltransferases are considered potential tools for addressing this problem. Within the methyltransferase family, Fur6 catalyzes the methylation of C3 of 1,2,4,5,7-pentahydroxynaphthalene (PHN) using -adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) as the methyl donor.

Appropriateness of Artificial Intelligence Chatbots in Diabetic Foot Ulcer Management.

Type 2 diabetes is a significant global health concern. It often causes diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), which affect millions of people and increase amputation and mortality rates. Despite existing guidelines, the complexity of DFU treatment makes clinical decisions challenging.

Retrospective analysis of urinary tract infections in long-term care facilities in Japan: Insights from physical examination-based diagnosis.

Objectives: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are highly prevalent among long-term care facility (LTCF) residents, and are thus important targets for antimicrobial stewardship. Diagnoses of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which are associated with antimicrobial use in these facilities, are not always made by physicians. Past epidemiologic studies have included asymptomatic bacteriuria together with UTIs.

Suppression of Neuroinflammation by Coffee Component Pyrocatechol via Inhibition of NF-κB in Microglia.

According to numerous studies, it has been epidemiologically suggested that habitual coffee intake seems to prevent the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we hypothesized that coffee consumption suppresses neuroinflammation, which is closely related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Using microglial BV-2 cells, we first found that the inflammatory responses induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation was diminished by both coffee and decaffeinated coffee through the inhibition of an inflammation-related transcription factor, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).

Generating Informed Consent Documents Related to Blepharoplasty Using ChatGPT.

Purpose: This study aimed to demonstrate the performance of the popular artificial intelligence (AI) language model, Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) (OpenAI, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A.

Analysis of Pharmaceutical Demand in the Region for Chronic Medicine Users Using National Health Insurance Data: Examination for Disaster Preparedness in Hakui City, Ishikawa Prefecture.

When large earthquakes occur over wide areas, in addition to damage to medical facilities, the disaster response capabilities of local governments are severely compromised. There is a very high possibility that the supply-demand balance of medicines will collapse within the disaster area, and that appropriate supplies of medicines will not be provided to disaster victims. Therefore, it is important to estimate in advance the quantity of pharmaceuticals that may be needed during disasters.