Maternal circadian rhythms during pregnancy dictate metabolic plasticity in offspring.

Tissue-level oscillation is achieved by tissue-intrinsic clocks along with network-dependent signals originating from distal organs and organismal behavior. Yet, it remains unexplored whether maternal circadian rhythms during pregnancy influence fetal rhythms and impact long-term susceptibility to dietary challenges in offspring. Here, we demonstrate that circadian disruption during pregnancy decreased placental and neonatal weight yet retained transcriptional and structural maturation.

Anti-inflammatory effect of Angiotensin 1-7 in white adipose tissue.

Obesity is a global health concern that promotes chronic low-grade inflammation, leading to insulin resistance, a key factor in many metabolic diseases. Angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in obesity and related disorders, though its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of Ang 1-7 on inflammation of white adipose tissue (WAT) in dietary-induced obese mice.

Alterations in Ileal Secretory Cells of The DSS-Induced Colitis Model Mice.

Inflammatory bowel disease is triggered by abnormalities in epithelial barrier function and immunological responses, although its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis model has been used to examine inflammation in the colon. Damage to mucosa primality occurs in the large intestine and scarcely in the small intestine.

Diffractometer for element-specific analysis on local structures using a combination of X-ray fluorescence holography and anomalous X-ray scattering.

To tackle disorder in crystals and short- and intermediate-range order in amorphous materials, such as glass, we developed a carry-in diffractometer to utilise X-ray fluorescence holography (XFH) and anomalous X-ray scattering (AXS), facilitating element-specific analyses with atomic resolution using the wavelength tunability of a synchrotron X-ray source. Our diffractometer unifies XFH and AXS configurations to determine the crystal orientation via diffractometry. In particular, XFH was realised even for a crystal with blurred emission lines by a standing wave in a hologram, and high-throughput AXS with sufficient count statistics and energy resolution was achieved using three multi-array detectors with crystal analysers.

Precursor-free synthesis of carbon quantum dots and carbon microparticles in supercritical acetone.

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have recently received a lot of attention due to their unique physical properties, and their environmentally friendly features such as low toxicity and high biocompatibility. Supercritical fluids, which possess unusual properties such as high solubility, high diffusivity, low viscosity and zero surface tension, are now commonly used particularly in the fields of electronic, chemical and materials science and engineering. Here, we synthesise carbon nano/microparticles in supercritical acetone, in which neither external molecules nor starting materials are dissolved/dispersed.

Impact of Reduced Saliva Production on Intestinal Integrity and Microbiome Alterations: A Sialoadenectomy Mouse Model Study.

This study investigates the effect of reduced saliva production on intestinal histological structure and microbiome composition using a sialoadenectomy murine model, evaluating differences in saliva secretion, body weight, intestinal histopathological changes, and microbiome alteration using 16S rRNA gene sequencing across three groups (control, sham, and sialoadenectomy). For statistical analysis, one-way analysis of variance and multiple comparisons using Bonferroni correction were performed. -values < 0.

Myricetin and myricitrin indirectly and directly increases uncoupling protein-1 mRNA expression in C3H10T1/2 beige adipocytes.

In thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes, the proton gradient formed by energy derived from nutrients such as lipids and carbohydrates is consumed by uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), resulting in thermogenesis without ATP production in the mitochondria. Accordingly, increased UCP-1 expression represents a crucial aspect of dietary management for individuals with overweight and obesity. Myricetin and its glycoside, myricitrin, are food-derived flavonoids that possess various beneficial effects.

Radiographic scores as a predictor of oxygenation index in very low-birthweight infants.

Background: Very low birthweight infants (VLBWIs) often undergo chest radiographic examinations without standardization or objectivity. This study aimed to assess the association of two radiographic scores, the Brixia and radiographic assessment of lung edema (RALE), with oxygenation index (OI) in ventilated VLBWIs and to determine the optimal cutoff values to predict hypoxic respiratory severity.

Methods: VLBWIs who received invasive respiratory support with arterial lines between January 2010 and October 2023 were enrolled in this study (n = 144).

Sendai virus-mediated RNA delivery restores fertility to congenital and chemotherapy-induced infertile female mice.

Current infertility treatment strategies focus on mature gametes, leaving a significant proportion of cases with gamete progenitors that stopped complete differentiation. On the other hand, recent advancements in next-generation sequencing have identified many candidate genes that may promote maturation of germ cells. Although gene therapy has shown success in mice, concerns about the integration of DNA vectors into oocytes hinder clinical applications.

Primary Allylic Amine Synthesis via Pd-Catalyzed Direct Amination of Allylic Alcohols with Ammonium Acetate.

Pd/DPEphos-catalyzed direct amination of allylic alcohols with readily available ammonium acetate as a nitrogen source provides access to convenient and scalable syntheses of primary allylic amines with high monoallylation selectivity. Mechanistic studies revealed that ammonium acetate functions as a Brønsted acid to activate the hydroxyl groups and inhibit overreaction.

A Japanese Boy with Dysmorphic Syndrome with Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency and Gingival Fibromatosis Due to a Pathogenic KCNQ1 Variant.

A six-year-old boy presented with short stature and gingival fibromatosis (GF). Dysmorphic features included slant optic fissures, a high-arched palate, thick earlobes, and an edematous face. Laboratory tests showed low levels of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 and serum free thyroxine but normal serum thyrotropin levels.

Spermatogonial stem cells in the 129 inbred strain exhibit unique requirements for self-renewal.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) undergo self-renewal division to sustain spermatogenesis. Although it is possible to derive SSC cultures in most mouse strains, SSCs from a 129 background never proliferate under the same culture conditions, suggesting they have distinct self-renewal requirements. Here, we established long-term culture conditions for SSCs from mice of the 129 background (129 mice).

Evaluation of functional group compatibility and development of reaction-accelerating additives in ammonium salt-accelerated hydrazinolysis of amides.

Functional group compatibility in an amide bond cleavage reaction with hydrazine was evaluated for 26 functional groups in the functional group evaluation (FGE) kit. Accurate and rapid evaluation of the compatibility of functional groups, such as nitrogen-containing heterocycles important in drug discovery research, will enhance the application of this reaction in drug discovery research. These data will be used for predictive studies of organic synthesis methods based on machine learning.

Profiles of psychological flexibility and caregiving experience in dementia family caregivers: A latent profile analysis.

Objectives: To explore the profiles of psychological flexibility among dementia family caregivers and examine their associations with psychological well-being and caregiving factors.

Methods: Participants were 521 dementia family caregivers in Japan. Latent profile analysis was conducted to explore the profiles of psychological flexibility.

Transabdominal impalement injury by an iron pipe - A case report.

Impalement injuries are rare and complex problems, often involving multiple organ injuries. An 18-year-old male was admitted to our emergency department after a car accident. Positioned in the right-side recumbent position, he had a 4.

[Successful polatuzumab vedotin and rituximab therapy for post-CAR-T relapse of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma].

Relapse or progressive disease after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) treatment remains a major issue for poor-risk aggressive large B-cell lymphoma. However, limited data are available on post-CAR-T use of polatuzumab vedotin. Here we describe the case of a patient with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) who experienced relapse three months after CD19-directed CAR-T therapy with tisagenlecleucel.

Alteration of Sweet and Bitter Taste Sensitivity with Development of Glucose Intolerance in Non-insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Model OLETF Rats.

Patients with diabetes exhibit altered taste sensitivity, but its details have not been clarified yet. Here, we examined alteration of sweet taste sensitivity with development of glucose intolerance in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats as a model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Compared to the cases of Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats as a control, glucose tolerance of OLETF rats decreased with aging, resulting in development of diabetes at 36-weeks-old.

The prediction of estimated cerebral perfusion pressure with trans-systolic time in preterm and term infants.

It is important to monitor cerebral perfusion in infants because hypo- and hyperperfusion can contribute to neurological injury. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between trans-systolic time (TST) and critical closing pressure (CrCP) or estimated cerebral perfusion pressure (CPPe) in neonates. Moreover, we aimed to determine the TST values in preterm and term infants with stable cerebral perfusion to clarify normative reference data.

Glucose Induces ER Stress Response-Mediated Peritoneal Mesothelial Cell Death.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) fluid, which contains a high concentration of glucose, is involved in peritoneal damage after long-term use. The mechanisms through which glucose induces damage to the mesothelium have not been clearly elucidated. Although, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response is associated with several diseases, the involvement of ER stress in peritoneal damage has not yet been demonstrated.

Restoration of fertility in nonablated recipient mice after spermatogonial stem cell transplantation.

Spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) transplantation is a valuable tool for studying stem cell-niche interaction. However, the conventional approach requires the removal of endogenous SSCs, causing damage to the niche. Here we introduce WIN18,446, an ALDH1A2 inhibitor, to enhance SSC colonization in nonablated recipients.