Poor glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes compromises leukocyte oxygen consumption rate, OXPHOS complex content and neutrophil-endothelial interactions.

The mitochondrial electron transport chain becomes overloaded in type 2 diabetes (T2D), which increases ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production and impairs mitochondrial function. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are critical players in the inflammatory process that underlies T2D. Poor glycaemic control in T2D is closely linked to the development of comorbidities.

Calorie restriction modulates mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy in leukocytes of patients with obesity.

Background: Although it is established that caloric restriction offers metabolic and clinical benefits, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether caloric restriction can modulate mitochondrial function and remodeling and stimulate autophagic flux in the PBMCs of patients with obesity.

Methods: This was an interventional study of 38 obese subjects (BMI >35 kg/m) who underwent 6 months of dietary therapy, including a 6-week very-low-calorie diet (VLCD) followed by an 18-week low-calorie diet (LCD).

PCSK9 inhibitors on the management of primary and secondary cardiovascular prevention.

Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9i) have represented an important change in the management of hypercholesterolemia, although, until now, they have barely been used. Without PCSK9i, many patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) or those at very high risk do not reach their therapeutic LDLc objectives.

Objective: The analysis aimed to examine the clinical and biochemical characteristics of subjects receiving PCSK9i treatment in the Dyslipidemia Registry of the Spanish Atherosclerosis Society.

The Impact of Weight Loss on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Mitochondrial Function in Subjects with Obesity.

Inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial function are implicated in the development of obesity and its comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of weight loss through calorie restriction on the metabolic profile, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters, and mitochondrial respiration in an obese population. A total of 109 subjects underwent two cycles of a very low-calorie diet alternated with a low-calorie diet (24 weeks).

Molecular circadian clock disruption in the leukocytes of individuals with type 2 diabetes and overweight, and its relationship with leukocyte-endothelial interactions.

Aims/hypothesis: Alterations in circadian rhythms increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes and CVD. Circadian rhythms are controlled by several core clock genes, which are expressed in nearly every cell, including immune cells. Immune cells are key players in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes, and participate in the atherosclerotic process that underlies cardiovascular risk in these patients.

Effect of a Very Low-Calorie Diet on Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory and Metabolomic Profile in Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obese Subjects.

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of weight loss through calorie restriction on metabolic profile, and inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in metabolically healthy (MHO) and unhealthy (MUHO) obese individuals. A total of 74 subjects (34 MHO and 40 MUHO) received two cycles of a very low-calorie diet, alternating with a hypocaloric diet for 24 weeks. Biochemical, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, as well as serum metabolomic analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance, were performed at baseline and at the end of the intervention.

Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Daily rhythms of metabolic function are supported by molecular circadian clock systems that are strongly regulated by feeding and fasting. Intermittent fasting diets have been associated with weight loss and improved metabolism. However, the effects of time-restricted eating (TRE) on glycemic parameters are still under debate.

Combining aperiodic 1/f slopes and brain simulation: An EEG/MEG proxy marker of excitation/inhibition imbalance in Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Accumulation and interaction of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau proteins during progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are shown to tilt neuronal circuits away from balanced excitation/inhibition (E/I). Current available techniques for noninvasive interrogation of E/I in the intact human brain, for example, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), are highly restrictive (i.e.

Association between gut microbiota and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review.

Introduction: In recent years, it has been described that the dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota plays a transcendental role in several pathologies. In this sense, the importance of the gut microbiota in the gut-brain axis, with a bidirectional communication, has been demonstrated. Furthermore, the gut microbiota has been linked with mood disorders and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists on mitochondrial function, inflammatory markers and leukocyte-endothelium interactions in type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is linked to metabolic, mitochondrial and inflammatory alterations, atherosclerosis development and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The aim was to investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) on oxidative stress, mitochondrial respiration, leukocyte-endothelial interactions, inflammation and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in T2D patients.

Research Design And Methods: Type 2 diabetic patients (255) and control subjects (175) were recruited, paired by age and sex, and separated into two groups: without GLP-1 RA treatment (196) and treated with GLP-1 RA (59).

Atherogenic dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus: The PREDISAT study.

Extremely variable prevalence rates of atherogenic dyslipidaemia (AD) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects have been reported. The primary aim was to assess AD prevalence in Spanish T2DM subjects. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the differential clinical characteristics between T2DM subjects with and without AD, to describe lipid profile evolution and use of lipid-lowering treatment in clinical practice by the Spanish Lipid Units.

Supporting the Detection of Early Alzheimer's Disease with a Four-Channel EEG Analysis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia. Although there is no current cure, medical treatment can help to control its progression. Hence, early-stage diagnosis is crucial to maximize the living standards of the patients.

Mitochondrial redox impairment and enhanced autophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 1 diabetic patients.

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) involves critical metabolic disturbances that contribute to an increased cardiovascular risk. Leukocytes are key players in the onset of atherosclerosis due to their interaction with the endothelium. However, whether mitochondrial redox impairment, altered bioenergetics and abnormal autophagy in leukocytes contribute to T1D physiopathology is unclear.

Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Ceria Nanoparticles Modulate Leukocyte-Endothelium Cell Interactions and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes.

Gold-ceria nanoparticles (Au/CeO) are known to have antioxidant properties. However, whether these nanoparticles can provide benefits in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) remains unknown. This work aimed to study the effects of Au/CeO nanoparticles at different rates of gold purity (10, 4.

An Automated Approach for the Detection of Alzheimer's Disease From Resting State Electroencephalography.

Early detection is crucial to control the progression of Alzheimer's disease and to postpone intellectual decline. Most current detection techniques are costly, inaccessible, or invasive. Furthermore, they require laborious analysis, what delays the start of medical treatment.

Impact of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Dynamics in Leukocytes of Obese Women.

The chronic low-grade inflammation widely associated with obesity can lead to a prooxidant status that triggers mitochondrial dysfunction. To date, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is considered the most effective strategy for obese patients. However, little is known about its molecular mechanisms.

Metformin modulates mitochondrial function and mitophagy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from type 2 diabetic patients.

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that affects mitochondrial function. In this context, the rescue mechanisms of mitochondrial health, such as mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, are of crucial importance. The gold standard for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is metformin, which has a beneficial impact on the mitochondrial metabolism.

Psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure adherence to treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Aim: To validate the psychometric properties of a questionnaire to measure adherence to treatment among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to evaluate its relationship with metabolic control.

Design: A cross-sectional study of 167 adult people with type 1 diabetes mellitus recruited from the Endocrinology Service of University Hospital Doctor Peset (Spain).

Methods: The validity of the content, construct and reliability of the instrument were evaluated and the results correlated with levels of glycosylated haemoglobin.

Beyond the Glycaemic Control of Dapagliflozin: Microangiopathy and Non-classical Complications.

Dapagliflozin is a selective sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (EF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In monotherapy or as an additive therapy, dapagliflozin aids glycaemic control, is associated with reductions in blood pressure and weight, and promotes a favourable lipid profile. In this review, we address the impact of dapagliflozin on cardiovascular risk factors and common microangiopathic complications such as kidney disease and retinopathy in patients with T2DM.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Modulates AMPK, Autophagy and Inflammatory Response in Leukocytes of Obese Patients.

Obesity is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, metabolic overload, and impaired endothelial and cardiovascular function. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) results in amelioration of the pro-oxidant status of leukocytes and the metabolic profile. Nevertheless, little is known about the precise mechanism that drives systemic and metabolic improvements following bariatric surgery.

Does Empagliflozin Modulate Leukocyte-Endothelium Interactions, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes?

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (iSGLT2) have been linked to cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of empagliflozin, a novel potent and selective iSGLT-2, on anthropometric and endocrine parameters, leukocyte-endothelium interactions, adhesion molecules, ROS production, and NFkB-p65 transcription factor expression.

Quantitative Assessment of Stress Through EEG During a Virtual Reality Stress-Relax Session.

Recent studies have addressed stress level classification electroencephalography (EEG) and machine learning. These works typically use EEG-based features, like power spectral density (PSD), to develop stress classifiers. Nonetheless, these classifiers are usually limited to the discrimination of two (stress and no stress) or three (low, medium, and high) stress levels.

Insulin Withdrawal in Diabetic Kidney Disease: What Are We Waiting for?

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus worldwide stands at nearly 9.3% and it is estimated that 20-40% of these patients will develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and these patients often present high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in those patients with poorly controlled risk factors.