Development of an Artificial Intelligence System for Distinguishing Malignant from Benign Soft-Tissue Tumors Using Contrast-Enhanced MR Images.

Introduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into orthopedics has enhanced the diagnosis of various conditions; however, its use in diagnosing soft-tissue tumors remains limited owing to its complexity. This study aimed to develop and assess an AI-driven diagnostic support system for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based soft-tissue tumor diagnosis, potentially improving accuracy and aiding radiologists and orthopedic surgeons.

Methods: An experienced orthopedic oncologist and radiologist annotated 720 images from 77 cases (41 benign and 36 malignant soft-tissue tumors).

Artificial Compartments Encapsulating Enzymatic Reactions: Towards the Construction of Artificial Organelles.

Cells have used compartmentalization to implement complex biological processes involving thousands of enzyme cascade reactions. Enzymes are spatially organized into the cellular compartments to carry out specific and efficient reactions in a spatiotemporally controlled manner. These compartments are divided into membrane-bound and membraneless organelles.

Japanese orthopaedic association (JOA) clinical practice guidelines on the management of malignant bone tumors - Secondary publication.

Background: In Japan, there are currently no general guidelines for the treatment of primary malignant bone tumors. Therefore, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association established a committee to develop guidelines for the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of primary malignant bone tumors for medical professionals in clinical practice.

Methods: The guidelines were developed in accordance with "Minds Clinical Practice Guideline Development Handbook 2014″ and "Minds Clinical Practice Guideline Development Manual 2017".

Infection of surgery for bone and soft tissue sarcoma with biological reconstruction: Data from the Japanese nationwide bone tumor registry.

Background: Although biological reconstruction (such as recycled autograft, vascularized autograft, allograft, or bone transport) is possible for bone defects after malignant bone or soft tissue tumor resection, a high incidence of postoperative complications, including infection, poses a problem. The difficulty in accumulating cases has resulted in a lack of reliable etiological information, such as the incidence and risk factors of postoperative infections.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on the nationwide registry data.

Regioselective Coupling of Different Conjugate Esters by Magnesium Metal Reduction: A Route to Unsymmetrical Adipic Acid Esters.

A novel tactic to synthesize unsymmetrical 3-aryladipic acid esters has been developed via magnesium-promoted reductive coupling of ethyl cinnamates with methyl acrylate. In the present methodology, 3-aryladipic acid derivatives were prepared with good functional group tolerance and a wide substrate scope under very mild reaction conditions in good yields. The application of this reaction to dienic acid esters led to the successful control of the reaction to give 5-aryl-oct-3-enedioic acid esters with high regioselectivity.

Near Quantitative Ligation Results in Resistance of DNA Origami Against Nuclease and Cell Lysate.

There have been limited efforts to ligate the staple nicks in DNA origami which is crucial for their stability against thermal and mechanical treatments, and chemical and biological environments. Here, two near quantitative ligation methods are demonstrated for the native backbone linkage at the nicks in origami: i) a cosolvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-assisted enzymatic ligation and ii) enzyme-free chemical ligation by CNBr. Both methods achieved over 90% ligation in 2D origami, only CNBr-method resulted in ≈80% ligation in 3D origami, while the enzyme-alone yielded 31-55% (2D) or 22-36% (3D) ligation.

An Artificial Liposome Compartment with Size Exclusion Molecular Transport.

The cellular compartment plays an essential role in organizing the complex and diverse biochemical reactions within the cell. By mimicking the function of such cellular compartments, the challenge of constructing artificial compartments has been taken up to develop new biochemical tools for efficient material production and diagnostics. The important features required for the artificial compartment are that it isolates the interior from the external environment and is further functionalized to control the transport of target chemicals to regulate the interior concentration of both substrate and reaction products.

Incidence and risk of infection in malignant soft tissue tumor resection: Data from the nationwide soft tissue tumor registry.

Background: Postoperative infection is a devastating complication in limb salvage surgery for malignant soft tissue tumors. The low absolute case numbers of these rare cancers represent a bottleneck for data collection and analysis. The administration of nationwide registry data is a practical option for the accumulation of cases.

Macropinoscope: Real-Time Simultaneous Tracking of pH and Cathepsin B Activity in Individual Macropinosomes.

A fluorescent sensor that allows simultaneous analysis of environmental factors in a limited cellular space is useful for understanding precise molecular interactions in live cells and their biological responses. Macropinocytosis is a ubiquitous endocytic pathway for massive uptake of extracellular fluids, resulting in the formation of macropinosomes. Although macropinocytosis may impact intracellular delivery and cancer proliferation, information on the intracellular behaviors of macropinosomes is limited.

Incidence and risk of surgical site infection/periprosthetic joint infection in tumor endoprosthesis-data from the nationwide bone tumor registry in Japan.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI)/periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication in limb salvage surgery with endoprosthesis reconstruction for malignant bone tumors. The main bottleneck for data collection and analysis for the status of SSI/PJI in tumor endoprosthesis is the low absolute case numbers of this rare cancer. The accumulation of many cases is possible by administrating nationwide registry data.

Clinical Outcome of Low-Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma in Japan: A Multicenter Study from the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group.

This retrospective multicenter study aimed to analyze the clinical features and prognosis of 24 patients diagnosed with LGMS between 2002 and 2019 in the Japanese sarcoma network. Twenty-two cases were surgically treated and two cases were treated with radical radiotherapy (RT). The pathological margin was R0 in 14 cases, R1 in 7 cases, and R2 in 1 case.

Enzyme Cascade Reactions on DNA Origami Scaffold.

The protocols for constructing, characterizing, and analyzing enzyme cascade reaction systems on the DNA scaffold are described. Two-step and three-step enzyme cascade reactions were adapted from the xylose metabolic pathway as the example of natural metabolic pathway and were assembled on the DNA scaffold by using the DNA binding adaptors.

Relationship between the 25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale and physical function in the elderly people.

Introduction: Locomotive syndrome (LS) is a condition of reduced mobility. The LS stage can be determined by the stand-up test, two-step test, and 25-question geriatric locomotive function scale (GLFS-25). This study aimed to establish whether the LS stage can be reliably determined using the GLFS-25, and to clarify the correlation between the GLFS-25's six subcategories and physical functions.

Controlled Assembly of Fluorophores inside a Nanoliposome.

Cellular compartmentalization plays an essential role in organizing the complex and multiple biochemical reactions in the cell. An artificial compartment would provide powerful strategies to develop new biochemical tools for material production and diagnosis, but it is still a great challenge to synthesize the compartments that encapsulate materials of interest while controlling their accurate locations, numbers, and stoichiometry. In this study, we evaluated chemical characteristics of a liposome-encapsulated compartment, which has great potential to locate various materials of interest with precise control of their locations and numbers in the compartment.

Stimuli-Responsible SNARF Derivatives as a Latent Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe.

Fluorescence imaging is a powerful technique for continuous observation of dynamic intracellular processes of living cells. Fluorescent probes bearing a fluorescence switching property associated with a specific recognition or reaction of target biomolecule, that is, stimuli-responsibility, are important for fluorescence imaging. Thus, fluorescent probes continue to be developed to support approaches with different design strategies.

Mechanistic Aspects for the Modulation of Enzyme Reactions on the DNA Scaffold.

Cells have developed intelligent systems to implement the complex and efficient enzyme cascade reactions via the strategies of organelles, bacterial microcompartments and enzyme complexes. The scaffolds such as the membrane or protein in the cell are believed to assist the co-localization of enzymes and enhance the enzymatic reactions. Inspired by nature, enzymes have been located on a wide variety of carriers, among which DNA scaffolds attract great interest for their programmability and addressability.

Cases of fulminant type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus whose HbA1c levels were unmeasurable due to increased labile HbA1c.

Although the measurement of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is routinely used to estimate average blood glucose levels, it may not be accurately measured for various reasons, such as alteration of red blood cell lifespan and the existence of hemoglobin variants; including hemoglobin F (HbF). Here, we report cases of fulminant type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in which HbA1c levels were unmeasurable because of increased labile HbA1c levels. Case 1 involved a 73-year-old man with fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, who was brought to our hospital with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma in the extremity and trunk wall: A multi-institutional study of 132 cases by the Japanese Musculoskeletal Oncology Group (JMOG).

Background: Dedifferentiated liposarcoma occurs predominantly in the retroperitoneum. Given the paucity of cases, information on the clinical characteristics of this entity in the extremities and trunk wall is quite limited. In particular, the significance of preoperative evaluation and principles of intraoperative management of the different components, i.

Anomaly of cornea and ocular adnexa in spinster homolog 2 (Spns2) knockout mice.

Spinster 2 (Spns2) is a transporter that pumps sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lipid mediator synthesized in the cytoplasm, out of cells into the inter cellular space. S1P is a signal that modulates cellular behavior during embryonic development, inflammation and tissue repair, etc. A Spns2-null (KO) mouse is born with failure of eyelid closure (eyelid-open-at birth; EOB) and develop corneal fibrosis in adulthood.

FRET-Based Cathepsin Probes for Simultaneous Detection of Cathepsin B and D Activities.

Fluorescent cathepsin probes were prepared by modification of peptidic substrates for cathepsin B (CTSB) and cathepsin D (CTSD) with FRET pairs. Fluorophores with distinguishable emission characteristics were applied to CTSB and CTSD probes with their appropriate quenchers to simultaneously monitor the activity of CTSB and/or CTSD. Conjugation of both the CTSB and CTSD probes with short single-stranded DNA drastically increased their reactivity to cathepsins over the parent probes possibly by improving their solubility.