[A case of severe colitis caused by immune checkpoint inhibitor].

A 74-year-old male with lung squamous cell carcinoma who was treated with the anti PD-1 antibody nivolumab developed frequent diarrhea four months after initiating treatment. However, his condition did not improve despite prednisolone at 20mg. Endoscopic examination revealed loss of vascular pattern, erosions, and mucosal friability, resembling ulcerative colitis.

Sex differences in attachment to spouses among older Japanese couples.

Aim: Attachment among older adults can partially explain sex differences in bereavement outcomes, but there is currently little evidence regarding this. The aim was to quantify sex differences in the proportion of spouses as attachment figures among older couples.

Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of cross-sectional questionnaire survey data.

A target-controlled infusion system with bispectral index monitoring of propofol sedation during endoscopic submucosal dissection.

Background And Study Aims: Propofol administration via a target-controlled infusion system with bispectral index monitoring (BIS/TCI system) is expected to prevent complications from sedation during complex and long endoscopic procedures. We evaluated the feasibility of setting the BIS/TCI system for non-anesthesiologist administration of propofol (NAAP) during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD).

Patients And Methods: From May 2009 to February 2013, 250 patients with esophagogastric neoplasms were treated with ESD using the BIS/TCI system with NAAP.

[A case of renal salt-wasting syndrome during chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer].

A 66-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with heartburn and liver dysfunction. She was diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer. After the initiation of chemotherapy with trastuzumab, capecitabine, and cisplatin, she developed hyponatremia and renal failure with renal salt-wasting syndrome (RSWS).

Usefulness of early-phase peritoneal lavage for treating severe acute pancreatitis.

Objective: To improve the prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis, preventing infectious complications, particularly infected pancreatic necrosis, is important. The present study evaluated the efficacy of peritoneal lavage for improving the prognosis of patients with severe acute pancreatitis.

Patients: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 23 consecutive patients with severe acute pancreatitis who were treated with peritoneal lavage.

Long-term combined therapy with very-low-dose peginterferon and ursodeoxycholic acid decreased the spleen size in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis.

A 42-year-old woman with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis underwent peginterferon alpha-2b therapy combined with ribavirin but could not achieve a sustained viral response. Following discontinuation of this combined therapy, the patient's serum transaminase levels suddenly became elevated. Therefore, the administration of very-low-dose peginterferon alpha-2a with ursodeoxycholic acid was introduced.

Peppermint oil solution is useful as an antispasmodic drug for esophagogastroduodenoscopy, especially for elderly patients.

Background: Although hyoscine butyl bromide (HB) and glucagon (GL) are often used as antispasmodic drugs during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), these agents may cause adverse effects. Recently, it was reported that peppermint oil solution (PO) was very effective and had few side effects.

Aim: We clarified the efficacy and usefulness of PO as an antispasmodic during upper endoscopy, especially for elderly patients.

Partial splenic embolization facilitates the adherence to peginterferon in chronic hepatitis C with thrombocytopenia.

Objective: Platelet counts before starting the treatment affect the discontinuation and dose reduction of peginterferon in chronic hepatitis C. Thrombocytopenia leads to failure to achieve sustained virological response. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of partial splenic embolization (PSE) prior to starting peginterferon therapy combined with ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients showing thrombocytopenia.

Effect of low-dose gemcitabine on unresectable pancreatic cancer in elderly patients.

Background/aims: The efficacy of gemcitabine (GEM) on unresectable pancreatic cancer has been reported. However, in elderly patients, severe toxicities are frequently observed. In this study we aimed to assess the efficacy of low-dose GEM on unresectable pancreatic cancer in elderly patients.

Investigation of upper gastrointestinal bleeding after implantation of drug-eluting stents; prospective cohort study.

Objective: After implantation of drug-eluting stents (DES), two or more anti-thrombotic agents are required. The risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) in cases of DES implantation is thought to be significant. However, the incidence of UGIB has not yet been investigated in DES-implanted patients.

Large waist circumference is a risk factor for reflux esophagitis in Japanese males.

Background/aims: The prevalence of reflux esophagitis, which might lead to development of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma, has been increasing. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors for reflux esophagitis.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,495 Japanese subjects undergoing health checkups (822 males and 673 females; median age 50 years) at a tertiary care center.

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection improved gastric mucosal atrophy and prevented progression of intestinal metaplasia, especially in the elderly population: a long-term prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: It still remains controversial whether gastric mucosal atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are reversible after eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. The aims of this study were to evaluate the histological changes in gastric mucosa after H. pylori eradication during long-term follow-up periods, and to verify the propriety of H.

A case of hepatic angiomyolipoma difficult to distinguish from hepatocellular carcinoma.

We report a case of hepatic angiomyolipoma with uncommon clinical features. A 56-year-old man presented with a hepatic tumor in the caudate lobe. The tumor was hypoechoic on ultrasonography, showed early-phase hyperattenuation on enhanced computed tomography and did not absorb iron on superparamagnetic iron oxide-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.

A combination treatment of entecavir and early-phase corticosteroid in severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B.

Of patients with severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B accompanied by jaundice and coagulopathy, 20%-30% have a fatal outcome. In this report, we describe 2 cases of severe exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B with jaundice and coagulopathy who were successfully treated with a combination of entecavir and corticosteroid. In both cases, rapid reductions in serum hepatitis B virus (HBV)-DNA levels were observed, and corticosteroid was stopped after serum HBV-DNA levels became undetectable.

[Case of primary malignant lymphoma of the liver treated by R-CHOP therapy].

A 75-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of right hypochondralgia. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a large tumor in the right lobe of the liver. Ultrasonography (US) showed vessels in the tumor.

Partial splenic embolization prior to combination therapy of interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients with thrombocytopenia.

Aim: A low platelet count leads to dose reduction of interferon (IFN) and is associated with failure to achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) in chronic hepatitis C patients. However, partial splenic embolization (PSE) is effective for treating thrombocytopenia resulting from hypersplenism.

Methods: We compared the clinical features of 10 patients receiving PSE prior to the combination therapy of IFN and ribavirin (RBV) (PSE group) with those of 10 non-receiving PSE patients (non-PSE group).

[Case report of asymptomatic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) of the pancreas; diagnostic advantage of three-dimensional computed tomography].

A 72-year-old man with diabetes mellitus and hypertension was admitted for further examination and therapy of diabetes. In order to evaluate his pancreas, abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed, showing a space-occupying lesion (SOL) in the pancreatic uncus. He did not show any symptoms related to the pancreas or gastro intestinal tract.