New Antioxidant Caffeate Esters of Fatty Alcohols Identified in .

The stem bark of black locust ( L.) was extracted, and nine antioxidant compounds (-) were detected by high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with the radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) assay, multi-detection, and heated electrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry. For structure elucidation, the methanolic crude extract was fractionated by solid-phase extraction, and the compounds were isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection.

Disparate Effects of Two Clerodane Diterpenes of Giant Goldenrod ( Ait.) on .

New substances with antimicrobial properties are needed to successfully treat emerging human, animal, or plant pathogens. Seven clerodane diterpenes, previously isolated from giant goldenrod () root, were tested against Gram-positive , and by measuring minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC). Two of them, Sg3a (a dialdehyde) and Sg6 (solidagoic acid B), were proved to be the most effective and were selected for further study.

The Mutographs biorepository: A unique genomic resource to study cancer around the world.

Large-scale biorepositories and databases are essential to generate equitable, effective, and sustainable advances in cancer prevention, early detection, cancer therapy, cancer care, and surveillance. The Mutographs project has created a large genomic dataset and biorepository of over 7,800 cancer cases from 30 countries across five continents with extensive demographic, lifestyle, environmental, and clinical information. Whole-genome sequencing is being finalized for over 4,000 cases, with the primary goal of understanding the causes of cancer at eight anatomic sites.

Does the Glucocorticoid Stress Response Make Toads More Toxic? An Experimental Study on the Regulation of Bufadienolide Toxin Synthesis.

Chemical defense is a crucial component of fitness in many organisms, yet the physiological regulation of defensive toxin synthesis is poorly understood, especially in vertebrates. Bufadienolides, the main defensive compounds of toads, are toxic to many predators and other natural enemies, and their synthesis can be upregulated by stressors, including predation risk, high conspecific density, and pollutants. Thus, higher toxin content may be the consequence of a general endocrine stress response in toads.

Antibacterial effect of essential oils and their components against pv. revealed by microdilution and direct bioautographic assays.

Bacterial spot of stone fruits caused by pv. () is one of the most significant diseases of several species. Disease outbreaks can result in severe economic losses while the control options are limited.

Mature tertiary lymphoid structures are key niches of tumour-specific immune responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas.

Objective: To better understand the immune microenvironment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs), here we explored the relevance of T and B cell compartmentalisation into tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) for the generation of local antitumour immunity.

Design: We characterised the functional states and spatial organisation of PDAC-infiltrating T and B cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, multicolour immunofluorescence, gene expression profiling of microdissected TLSs, as well as in vitro assays. In addition, we performed a pan-cancer analysis of tumour-infiltrating T cells using scRNA-seq and sc T cell receptor sequencing datasets from eight cancer types.

Antimicrobial Diterpenes from Rough Goldenrod ( Mill.).

is one of the goldenrod species native to North America but has sporadically naturalized as an alien plant in Europe. The investigation of the root and leaf ethanol extracts of the plant using a bioassay-guided process with an anti- assay resulted in the isolation of two antimicrobial components. Structure elucidation was performed based on high-resolution tandem mass spectrometric and one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic analyses that revealed (-)-hardwickiic acid (Compound ) and (-)-abietic acid (Compound ).

Nine-dimensional bioprofiles of Tunisian sages (Salvia officinalis, S. aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca) by high-performance thin-layer chromatography - effect-directed analyses.

Ethyl acetate extracts of Tunisian Salvia aegyptiaca and S. verbenaca aerial parts and S. officinalis leaves were examined via bioanalytical profiling using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) combined with nine bioactivity assays, namely antibacterial (Aliivibrio fischeri, Bacillus subtilis, and Rhodococcus fascians), antifungal (Bipolaris sorokiniana, and Fusarium avenaceum), radical scavenging (DPPH•), and enzyme inhibitory (α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, and lipase) ones.

High-performance thin-layer chromatography - antibacterial assay first reveals bioactive clerodane diterpenes in giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Ait.).

The present work introduces a high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-direct bioautography method using the Gram-positive plant pathogenic bacterium, Rhodococcus fascians. The screening and isolation procedure comprised of a non-targeted high-performance thin-layer chromatography-effect-directed analysis (HPTLC-EDA) against Bacillus subtilis, B. subtilis subsp.

Separation and detection of apricot leaf triterpenes by high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with direct bioautography and mass spectrometry.

Prunus armeniaca leaf extract was screened for antibacterial compounds by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-direct bioautography using a Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacterium. Six chromatographic zones exhibited characteristic bioactivity. Five of them also appeared after derivatization with vanillin-sulfuric acid reagent and could be characterized with HPTLC-electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometry (MS), suggesting the presence of triterpenoids and the fatty acids linolenic and palmitic acid.

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors in the giant goldenrod root.

Eight bioactive clerodane diterpenes from the root extract of Solidago gigantea Ait. (giant goldenrod) were quantified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and two newly developed hyphenated methods. One uses vanillin sulphuric acid derivatization and densitometry, and the other an inhibition assay of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and video densitometry.

WHAT FACTORS CONTRIBUTE TO DELAYED GASTRIC EMPTYING AFTER DUODENOPANCREATECTOMY WITH PILORIC PRESERVATION?

Background: The delay in gastric emptying is the second most frequent complication after duodenopancreatectomy with pyloric preservation, that increases hospitalization time and hospital costs.

Aim: To identify factors that contribute to the appearance the delay in this surgical procedure.

Method: Ninety-five patients were submitted to duodenopancreatectomy with pyloric preservation.

Goldenrod Root Compounds Active against Crop Pathogenic Fungi.

Root extracts of three goldenrods were screened for antimicrobial compounds. 2,8- and 2,8-matricaria esters from European goldenrod () and - and -dehydromatricaria esters from grass-leaved goldenrod () and first from showy goldenrod () were identified by high-performance thin-layer chromatography combined with effect-directed analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy after liquid chromatographic fractionation and isolation. Next to their antibacterial effects (against , , and pv.

Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Secondary Metabolites from .

is a sterile conk which produces macrofungus, a neglected Central-Eastern European relative of the prized , also known as chaga. Investigation of the methanol extract of the poroid fungus resulted in the isolation of citropremide (), 3,4-dihydroxybenzalacetone () , lanosterol (), ergost-6,8,22-trien-3β-ol (), and ergosterol peroxide (). The structures of fungal compounds were determined on the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR and MS spectroscopic analysis.

Exposure to Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis affects chemical defences in two anuran amphibians, Rana dalmatina and Bufo bufo.

Background: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis, one of the major causes of worldwide amphibian biodiversity loss. Many amphibians exhibit skin-based chemical defences, which may play an important role against invading pathogens, but whether the synthesis of these chemical compounds is enhanced or suppressed in the presence of pathogens is largely unknown. Here we investigated direct and indirect effects of larval exposure to the globally distributed and highly virulent Bd-GPL strain on skin secreted chemical defences and life history traits during early ontogeny of agile frogs (Rana dalmatina) and common toads (Bufo bufo).

A pattern-triggered immunity-related phenolic, acetosyringone, boosts rapid inhibition of a diverse set of plant pathogenic bacteria.

Background: Acetosyringone (3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyacetophenone, AS) is a syringyl-type phenolic compound rarely found in plants in free form. It has been shown earlier to inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas bacteria in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase (AS mix).

Results: We detected elevated levels of free AS in Nicotiana tabacum and N.

Bioactive clerodane diterpenes of giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Ait.) root extract.

Giant goldenrod (Solidago gigantea Ait.) root extract was screened for bioactive compounds by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), coupled with effect-directed analysis including antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis F1276, B. subtilis subsp.

High-performance thin-layer chromatography hyphenated to high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry for characterization of coeluting isomers.

The effect-directed analysis on a planar chromatogram allows for fast non-target screening, multi-imaging detection of effects (bioprofiling) and highly targeted characterization and isolation of bioactive compounds. For direct characterization by high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), however, the orthogonal hyphenation of two different liquid chromatographic techniques (planar and column chromatography) is still underexplored. In particular, it can be helpful in case of coeluting compounds.

Thin-layer chromatographic quantification of magnolol and honokiol in dietary supplements and selected biological properties of these preparations.

Two isomeric biphenyl neolignans, magnolol and honokiol, are considered as constituents responsible for the healing effect of magnolia bark, a traditional Oriental medicine. To survey the increasing number of dietary supplements that contain magnolia bark or its extract, an affordable quantitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) - densitometry method was developed. The methanol extracts were analyzed on the silica gel plates after manual sample application using n-hexane - ethyl acetate - ethanol (16:3:1, v/v/v) as a mobile phase.

Relationships Between Chemical Defenses of Common Toad (Bufo bufo) Tadpoles and Bacterial Community Structure of their Natural Aquatic Habitat.

Many organisms synthesize secondary metabolites against natural enemies. However, to which environmental factors the production of these metabolites is adjusted to is poorly investigated in animals, especially so in vertebrates. Bufadienolides are steroidal compounds that are present in a wide range of plants and animals and, if present in large quantities, can provide protection against natural enemies, such as pathogens.

Effects of two little-studied environmental pollutants on early development in anurans.

Despite intensive ecotoxicological research, we still know relatively little about the ecological impacts of many environmental contaminants. Filling these knowledge gaps is particularly important regarding amphibians, because they play significant roles in freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, and their populations are declining worldwide. In this study, we investigated two pollutants that have been poorly studied in ecotoxicology despite their widespread occurrence in surface waters: the herbicide terbuthylazine and the pharmaceutical drug carbamazepine.

Distinction and valorization of 30 root extracts of five goldenrod (Solidago) species.

A high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for rapid and easy-to-perform discrimination between five goldenrod species present in Europe: the native Solidago virgaurea and the four invasive aliens, S. canadensis, S. gigantea, S.

Activity of N-Phenylpiperazine Derivatives Against Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens.

Background: As the bacterial resistance to antibacterial chemotherapeutics is one of the greatest problems in modern medicine, efforts are made to develop new antimicrobial drugs. Compounds with a piperazine ring have proved to be promising agents against various pathogens.

Objective: The aim of the study was to prepare a series of new N-phenylpiperazines and determine their activity against various pathogens.

Predator-induced changes in the chemical defence of a vertebrate.

1. Inducible defences are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom, but little is known about facultative changes in chemical defences in response to predators, especially so in vertebrates. 2.

Chemical defense of toad tadpoles under risk by four predator species.

Many organisms use inducible defenses as protection against predators. In animals, inducible defenses may manifest as changes in behavior, morphology, physiology, or life history, and prey species can adjust their defensive responses based on the dangerousness of predators. Analogously, prey may also change the composition and quantity of defensive chemicals when they coexist with different predators, but such predator-induced plasticity in chemical defenses remains elusive in vertebrates.