Adverse drug reactions and events in an Ageing PopulaTion risk Prediction (ADAPTiP) tool: the development and validation of a model for predicting adverse drug reactions and events in older patients.

Purpose: Older people are at an increased risk of developing adverse drug reactions (ADR) and adverse drug events (ADE). This study aimed to develop and validate a risk prediction model (ADAPTiP) for ADR/ADE in older populations.

Methods: We used the adverse drug reactions in an Ageing PopulaTion (ADAPT) cohort (N = 798; 361 ADR-related admissions; 437 non-ADR-related admissions), a cross-sectional study designed to examine the prevalence and risk factors for ADR-related hospital admissions in patients aged ≥ 65 years.

Core medication use in general practice prescriptions: A pilot study evaluating the Drug Utilization 90% Index in Irish general practice.

Aims: The Drug Utilization 90% Index (DU90%), the number of medicines making up 90% of a doctor's prescribing, is a simple tool that can be used to describe core prescribing patterns. This research aimed to pilot the application of the DU90% in the Irish context, to investigate the relationship between the DU90% and prescriber and practice characteristics and prescribing quality.

Methods: Retrospective observational study using anonymous prescription data from a sample of Irish general practitioners (GPs).

Evaluation of real-world evidence to assess health outcomes related to deprescribing medications in older adults: an International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology-endorsed systematic review of methodology.

Background: Observational studies using real-world data (RWD) can address gaps in knowledge on deprescribing medications but are subject to methodological issues. Limited data exist on the methods employed to use RWD to measure the effects of deprescribing.

Objective: To describe methodological approaches used in observational studies of deprescribing medications in older adults.

The Association between Psychotropic Medication Use and Gait and Mobility Impairment in Community-Dwelling Older People. Data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

Background: Little work to date has quantified the effect of psychotropic medications (antidepressants, benzodiazepines, 'Z' drugs, antipsychotics, anticholinergics) on mobility and gait in later life. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between these medications and mobility/gait parameters in a large cohort of community-dwelling older people.

Methods: Participants were included if they were ≥60 years at TILDA Wave 1 and underwent gait and mobility assessment (Gaitrite system), with follow-up at Wave 3 (4 years).

Patterns of pain medication usage and self-reported pain in older Irish adults with osteoarthritis: A latent class analysis of data from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Background: This study aimed to identify and describe links between pain medication use and self-reported pain among people aged ≥ 50 years with osteoarthritis (OA) in an Irish population, and to examine the relationships between pain, medication usage and socioeconomic and clinical characteristics.

Methods: Secondary data analysis of wave 1 cross-sectional data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) was undertaken of 1042 people with self-reported doctor-diagnosed OA. We examined use of medications typically included in OA clinical guidelines, including non-opioid analgesics (e.

Medication adherence for people with acquired communication disorders: A systematic review.

Conditions such as stroke, dementia and neurodegeneration are major contributors to the incidence of acquired communication disorders in Europe. Pharmacological interventions play a central role in the management and treatment of these conditions, though many patients with an acquired communication disorder may be at a higher risk of medication non-adherence than their peers. The objectives of the current review were to identify, in the context of people with acquired communication disorders: factors that influence medication adherence; current interventions targeting medication adherence; and current measures of medication adherence.

Short-Term Celecoxib Promotes Bone Formation without Compromising Cefazolin Efficacy in an Early Orthopaedic Device-Related Infection: Evidence from a Rat Model.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are crucial components of multimodal analgesia for musculoskeletal injuries, targeting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes (COX-1 and/or COX-2 isoenzymes). Concerns exist regarding their potential interference with bone healing and orthopaedic device-related infections (ODRI), where data are limited. This study aimed to investigate whether the COX-selectivity of NSAIDs interfered with antibiotic efficacy and bone changes in the setting of an ODRI.

Cost effectiveness of a GP delivered medication review to reduce polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate prescribing in older patients with multimorbidity in Irish primary care: the SPPiRE cluster randomised controlled trial.

Background: Evidence on the cost effectiveness of deprescribing in multimorbidity is limited.

Objective: To investigate the cost effectiveness of a general practitioner (GP) delivered, individualised medication review to reduce polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate prescribing in older patients with multimorbidity in Irish primary care.

Methods: Within trial economic evaluation, from a healthcare perspective and based on a cluster randomised controlled trial with a 6 month follow up and 403 patients (208 Intervention and 195 Control) recruited between April 2017 and December 2019.

Perspectives of researchers and clinicians on patient and public involvement (PPI) in preclinical spinal cord research: An interview study.

Introduction: Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research is an embedded practice in clinical research, however, its role in preclinical or laboratory-based research is less well established and presents specific challenges. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of two key stakeholder groups, preclinical researchers and clinicians on PPI in preclinical research, using spinal cord research as a case study.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted online with 11 clinicians and 11 preclinical researchers all working in the area of spinal cord injury (SCI).

Continued cancer drug approvals in Japan and Europe after market withdrawal in the United States: A comparative study of accelerated approvals.

Regulatory authorities must balance ensuring evidence of efficacy and safety of new drugs. Various regulatory pathways, such as the accelerated approval program in the United States (US), allow authorities to quickly approve drugs for severely ill patients by granting market authorization based on surrogate end points and pending confirmatory trials. In this cross-sectional study, we considered 23 indications of cancer drugs that received accelerated approval by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but were subsequently withdrawn as of April 2023.

The Development of Principles for Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in Preclinical Spinal Cord Research: A Modified Delphi Study.

Introduction: There is currently limited guidance for researchers on Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) for preclinical spinal cord research, leading to uncertainty about design and implementation. This study aimed to develop evidence-informed principles to support preclinical spinal cord researchers to incorporate PPI into their research.

Methods: This study used a modified Delphi method with the aim of establishing consensus on a set of principles for PPI in spinal cord research.

Prevalence and risk factors for milk allergy overdiagnosis in the BEEP trial cohort.

Background: Cow's milk allergy (CMA) overdiagnosis in young children appears to be increasing and has not been well characterised. We used a clinical trial population to characterise CMA overdiagnosis and identify individual-level and primary care practice-level risk factors.

Methods: We analysed data from 1394 children born in England in 2014-2016 (BEEP trial, ISRCTN21528841).

Stakeholder perceptions of and attitudes towards problematic polypharmacy and prescribing cascades: a qualitative study.

Introduction: Problematic polypharmacy is the prescribing of five or more medications potentially inappropriately. Unintentional prescribing cascades represent an under-researched aspect of problematic polypharmacy and occur when an adverse drug reaction (ADR) is misinterpreted as a new symptom resulting in the initiation of a new medication. The aim of this study was to elicit key stakeholders' perceptions of and attitudes towards problematic polypharmacy, with a focus on prescribing cascades.

What do clinical practice guidelines say about deprescribing? A scoping review.

Introduction: Deprescribing () is an integral component of appropriate prescribing. The extent to which deprescribing recommendations are included in clinical practice guidelines is unclear. This scoping review aimed to identify guidelines that contain deprescribing recommendations, qualitatively explore the content and format of deprescribing recommendations and estimate the proportion of guidelines that contain deprescribing recommendations.

Reducing potentially inappropriate polypharmacy at a national and international level: the impact of deprescribing networks.

Introduction: Over the past decade, polypharmacy has increased dramatically. Measurable harms include falls, fractures, cognitive impairment, and death. The associated costs are massive and contribute substantially to low-value health care.

Measuring Quality of Life in Deprescribing Trials: A Scoping Review.

Background: Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome to capture in clinical trials evaluating deprescribing interventions.

Objective: We aimed to conduct a scoping review to examine how QoL has been measured in deprescribing trials among older people and identify potentially relevant QoL scales, to better inform QoL measurement in future deprescribing trials.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, Epistemonikos, ClinicalTrials.

The role of Patient and public involvement (PPI) in pre-clinical spinal cord research: An interview study.

Background: Patient and public involvement in research (PPI) has many benefits including increasing relevance and impact. While using PPI in clinical research is now an established practice, the involvement of patients and the public in pre-clinical research, which takes place in a laboratory setting, has been less frequently described and presents specific challenges. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of seriously injured rugby players' who live with a spinal cord injury on PPI in pre-clinical research.

Pediatric blood cultures-turning up the volume: a before and after intervention study.

The major determinant of blood culture (BC) diagnostic performance is blood volume, and pediatric sample volumes are frequently low. We aimed to assess BC volumes in our institution, design an intervention to increase volumes, and assess its impact. All pediatric BCs submitted over a 7-month period to the microbiology laboratory in a university hospital (including emergency department, pediatric ward, and neonatal unit) were included.

Paediatric Escherichia coli urinary tract infection: susceptibility trends and clinical management-a retrospective analysis of a 10-year period.

Background: Escherichia coli is the predominant urinary pathogen in children. Irish and international studies have demonstrated increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to antibiotics such as co-amoxiclav.

Aims: We aimed to (1) examine the AMR patterns of paediatric urinary E.