Nutritional Screening, Initial Management and Referral for Older People with Sarcopenia or Frailty - Results from a UK-Wide Survey.

Objectives: We surveyed healthcare staff working with older people to understand current practice in nutrition screening, initial management and referral for older people with sarcopenia and frailty.

Methods: We conducted a UK-wide web-based survey of staff working with older people in both hospital and community settings. Surveys were distributed through professional organisation e-mail lists and social media channels.

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment in the Emergency Department: A Prospective Cohort Study of Process, Clinical, and Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Background: This study aimed to explore the process, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes of older adults who received an interdisciplinary Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) in the emergency department (ED) over a six-month period after their initial ED attendance.

Patients And Methods: A prospective cohort study recruited older adults aged ≥65 years who presented to the ED of a university teaching hospital in Ireland. Baseline assessment data comprising a battery of demographic variables and validated indices were obtained at the index ED attendance.

Changes of creative ability and underlying brain network connectivity throughout the lifespan.

Creativity, or divergent thinking, is essential to and supported by cognitive functions necessary for everyday tasks. The current study investigates divergent thinking and its neural mechanisms from adolescence to late adulthood. To do this, 180 healthy participants completed a creativity task called the egg task including 86 adolescents (mean age (SD) = 13.

Accuracy of a Text Intervention to Minimize the Burden of Cancer Care Among Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

This cross-sectional study examines whether patients with cancer without symptoms of immune checkpoint inhibitor toxic effects can be accurately identified using a text message–based triage instrument and safely proceed to treatment.

Enhancing referral processes within an integrated fall prevention pathway for older people: a mixed-methods study.

Objectives: Multifactorial interventions, which involve assessing an individual's risk of falling and providing treatment or onward referral, require coordination across settings. Using a mixed-methods design, we aimed to develop a process map to examine onward referral pathways following falls risk assessment in primary care.

Setting: Primary care fall risk assessment clinics in the South of Ireland.

Raging Hormones: Why Age-Based Etiological Conceptualizations of the Development of Antisocial Behavior Are Insufficient.

Developmental science, particularly developmental neuroscience, has substantially influenced the modern legal system. However, this science has typically failed to consider the role of puberty and pubertal hormones on development when considering antisocial behavior. This review describes major theoretical positions on the developmental neuroscience of antisocial behavior and highlights where basic developmental neuroscience suggests that the role of puberty and pubertal hormones should be considered.

Fecal indicator bacteria from environmental sources; strategies for identification to improve water quality monitoring.

In tropical to temperate environments, fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), such as enterococci and Escherichia coli, can persist and potentially multiply, far removed from their natural reservoir of the animal gut. FIB isolated from environmental reservoirs such as stream sediments, beach sand and vegetation have been termed "naturalized" FIB. In addition, recent research suggests that the intestines of poikilothermic animals such as fish may be colonized by enterococci and E.

'I've always done what I was told by the medical people': a qualitative study of the reasons why older adults attend multifactorial falls risk assessments mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Objectives: Multifactorial falls risk assessments reduce the rate of falls in older people and are recommended by international guidelines. Despite their effectiveness, their potential impact is often constrained by barriers to implementation. Attendance is an issue.

Spatio-temporal analysis of differences in campylobacteriosis incidence between urban and rural areas in the Southern District Health Board, New Zealand.

The objective of this paper is to investigate differences in campylobacteriosis incidence between urban and rural areas in the Southern District Health Board of New Zealand between 2000 and 2015. The data were analysed using a Bayesian change-point model to evaluate how campylobacteriosis incidence changed over time and to see whether the dynamics differed between rural and urban areas. A conditional auto regressive error term was introduced to account for any spatial effects.

Relationships between chemical and microbial faecal source tracking markers in urban river water and sediments during and post-discharge of human sewage.

This study explores the relationships between faecal source tracking (FST) markers (quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) markers and steroids), microbial indicators, the faecal ageing ratio of atypical colonies/total coliforms (AC/TC) and potential human pathogens (Giardia, Cryptosporidium and Campylobacter). Faecal source PCR markers tested were GenBac3, HumM3, HumBac (HF183-Bac708R); Bifidobacterium adolescentis, wildfowl and canine-associated markers. Sediment and water samples from the Avon River were collected during and post-discharge of untreated human sewage inputs, following a series of earthquakes, which severely damaged the Christchurch sewerage system.

Evaluating statistical model performance in water quality prediction.

Exposure to contaminated water while swimming or boating or participating in other recreational activities can cause gastrointestinal and respiratory disease. It is not uncommon for water bodies to experience rapid fluctuations in water quality, and it is therefore vital to be able to predict them accurately and in time so as to minimise population's exposure to pathogenic organisms. E.

Cannabis for the Treatment of Chronic Pain in the Era of an Opioid Epidemic: A Symposium-Based Review of Sociomedical Science.

Objective: This manuscript reviews medical literature published pertaining to the management of chronic pain with medical marijuana therapy (MMJ), with an emphasis on the social, medical, and legal aspects of therapy.

Design: Narrative review of peer-reviewed literature.

Methods: The 3rd Symposium on Controlled Substances and Their Alternatives for the Treatment of Pain was held in Boston on February 27, 2016, with a focus on MMJ for the treatment of chronic pain.

Concentrations of spp., , Enterococci, and spp. in the Feces of Farmed Red Deer in New Zealand.

Intensive deer farming can cause environmental issues, mainly by its impact on soils and water quality. In particular, there is a risk to the microbial quality of water, as high quantities of suspended sediment and fecal bacteria can enter into water systems. The feces of farmed red deer (, = 206) from Canterbury and Southland, New Zealand, were analyzed with regard to the presence of spp.

Size Measurement and T-staging of Lung Adenocarcinomas Manifesting as Solid Nodules ≤30 mm on CT: Radiology-Pathology Correlation.

Rationale And Objectives: This study aimed to compare long-axis diameter to average computed tomography (CT) diameter measurements of lung adenocarcinomas manifesting as solid lung nodules ≤30 mm on CT, as referenced to pathologic measurements, and to determine the impact of the two CT measurement approaches on tumor (T)-staging of nodules.

Materials And Methods: This institutional review board-approved study included all 274 radiologic solid adenocarcinomas resected at our institution over 10 years. Two observers measured long- and short-axis diameters on pre-resection chest CT in lung and mediastinal windows.

Bilateral sequential Propionibacterium acnes exogenous endophthalmitis.

A 68-year-old man underwent uncomplicated sequential cataract extractions performed more than a year apart. He presented 6 months after the second surgery with persistent intraocular inflammation in both eyes. Cultures from both eyes grew Propionibacterium acnes and he responded well to treatment.

Human-, Ovine-, and Bovine-Specific Viral Source Tracking Tools to Discriminate Between the Major Fecal Sources in Agricultural Waters.

This study evaluated the sources of fecal contamination in different river catchments, using a combination of microbial source tracking tools, for human, ruminant, ovine and bovine livestock, in order to define appropriate water management strategies. Every source of waterway pollution was evaluated in river water samples from one urban river catchment and two important farming regions in New Zealand. Fecal pollution was initially measured by testing Escherichia coli and evaluating the presence of human- and ruminant-associated DNA markers of Bacteroidales (BiAdo, BacHum-UCD, BacH, and BacR) and human and ruminant fecal sterols/stanols ratios.

Intratherapy or Posttherapy FDG PET or FDG PET/CT for Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prognostic Studies.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the predictive value of intra-therapy or posttherapy FDG PET or FDG PET/CT with regard to overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) outcomes for patients with head and neck cancer (HNC).

Materials And Methods: A systematic search of the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed. Studies in which PET/CT was performed during or after completion of primary therapy and for which survival outcomes were reported were included.

Concentrations of faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci and Campylobacter spp. in equine faeces.

Aims: To determine the concentration of Campylobacter spp. as well as faecal indicator bacteria; faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and enterococci in the faeces of healthy adult horses in a sample of properties in the Canterbury region of New Zealand.

Methods: The faeces of healthy adult horses (n=59), including ponies, pleasure horses and Thoroughbreds, were collected from eight properties around Christchurch, New Zealand.

Guanine-centric self-assembly of nucleotides in water: an important consideration in prebiotic chemistry.

Investigations of plausible prebiotic chemistry on early Earth must consider not only chemical reactions to form more complex products such as proto-biopolymers but also reversible, molecular self-assembly that would influence the availability, organization, and sequestration of reactant molecules. The self-assembly of guanosine compounds into higher-order structures and lyotropic liquid crystalline "gel" phases through formation of hydrogen-bonded guanine tetrads (G-tetrads) is one such consideration that is particularly relevant to an RNA-world scenario. G-tetrad-based gelation has been well studied for individual guanosine compounds and was recently observed in mixtures of guanosine with 5'-guanosine monophosphate (GMP) as well.

The impact of major earthquakes and subsequent sewage discharges on the microbial quality of water and sediments in an urban river.

A series of large earthquakes struck the city of Christchurch, New Zealand in 2010-2011. Major damage sustained by the sewerage infrastructure required direct discharge of up to 38,000 m(3)/day of raw sewage into the Avon River of Christchurch for approximately six months. This allowed evaluation of the relationship between concentrations of indicator microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens and F-RNA phage) and pathogens (Campylobacter, Giardia and Cryptosporidium) in recreational water and sediment both during and post-cessation of sewage discharges.

Burkholderia cepacia endophthalmitis, in a penicillin allergic patient, following a ranibizumab injection.

Burkholderia cepacia, a Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in water and soil, is a rare cause of endophthalmitis. The authors report a case of a penicillin-allergic patient who presented 15 days after an uneventful injection of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration with culture-positive B cepacia endophthalmitis. Initial antibiotic therapy using non-penicillin-based medications was not successful in eradicating the bacteria.

Leaching of Escherichia coli from sheep faeces during simulated rainfall events.

Unlabelled: Sheep faeces are known to harbour to a high concentration of microbial indicators and pathogens. These can be released under rainfall and may result in contamination of waterways, potentially leading to illnesses in humans. A study was designed to determine the concentration of Escherichia coli released from fresh and aged (0-21 days old) ovine faeces.

Diagnostic procedures in vitreoretinal lymphoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the type and number of diagnostic interventions needed to confirm the presence of vitreoretinal lymphoma.

Method: Chart review of interventions performed for diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma.

Results: Of the 27 cases, diagnosis was made by pars plana vitrectomy in 13 (48.

Coevolution of Cryptosporidium tyzzeri and the house mouse (Mus musculus).

Two house mouse subspecies occur in Europe, eastern and northern Mus musculus musculus (Mmm) and western and southern Mus musculus domesticus (Mmd). A secondary hybrid zone occurs where their ranges meet, running from Scandinavia to the Black Sea. In this paper, we tested a hypothesis that the apicomplexan protozoan species Cryptosporidium tyzzeri has coevolved with the house mouse.

Potential pitfalls in MALDI-TOF MS analysis of abiotically synthesized RNA oligonucleotides.

Demonstration of the abiotic polymerization of ribonucleotides under conditions consistent with conditions that may have existed on the prebiotic Earth is an important goal in "RNA world" research. Recent reports of abiotic RNA polymerization with and without catalysis rely on techniques such as HPLC, gel electrophoresis, and MALDI-TOF MS to analyze the reaction products. It is essential to understand the limitations of these techniques in order to accurately interpret the results of these analyses.