Skin tests of a novel nicotine patch, PHK-301p, in healthy male volunteers: phase I, placebo-controlled study.

Major local adverse reactions in the nicotine patches are skin reactions. To assess the skin reaction of PHK-301p, a newly developed nicotine patch, we conducted a phase I study that consisted of 2 parts: a skin irritation test (48-h closed patch test) and a photosensitivity test (24-h closed patch test + Ultraviolet A irradiation). Twenty healthy men were treated with PHK-301p and placebo.

Comparison of nicotine pharmacokinetics in healthy Japanese male smokers following application of the transdermal nicotine patch and cigarette smoking.

Transdermal nicotine patch (TNP) contains approximately 16.6 and 24.9 mg of nicotine per 20 and 30 cm2 (TNP-20 and TNP-30).

The activity of levofloxacin and comparator agents against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected worldwide during 1999 and 2000.

Background: Increases in penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae have been documented worldwide.

Methods: During 1999 and 2000, 5,015 S. pneumoniae isolates were collected from 13 countries on five continents and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.