Sodium hydrogen exchanger (NHE1) palmitoylation and potential functional regulation.

Aims: Determine the effect of palmitoylation on the sodium hydrogen exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1), a member of the SLC9 family.

Main Methods: NHE1 expressed in native rat tissues or in heterologous cells was assessed for palmitoylation by acyl-biotinyl exchange (ABE) and metabolic labeling with [H]palmitate. Cellular palmitoylation was inhibited using 2-bromopalmitate (2BP) followed by determination of NHE1 palmitoylation status, intracellular pH, stress fiber formation, and cell migration.

Model systems for analysis of dopamine transporter function and regulation.

The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a critical role in dopamine (DA) homeostasis by clearing transmitter from the extraneuronal space after vesicular release. DAT serves as a site of action for a variety of addictive and therapeutic reuptake inhibitors, and transport dysfunction is associated with transmitter imbalances in disorders such as schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, bipolar disorder, and Parkinson disease. In this review, we describe some of the model systems that have been used for in vitro analyses of DAT structure, function and regulation, and discuss a potential relationship between transporter kinetic values and membrane cholesterol.