Early adrenal infection by herpes simplex virus type-1 (Miyama + GC strain): special reference to inoculation dose and spread from the adrenal to the central nervous system.

Male C3H/HeN mice, aged 5 weeks, were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with different doses (1 x 10(3), 1 x 10(5), 5 x 10(5), 1 x 10(6) pfu) of the herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) (Miyama + GC strain).

Acute, massive, haemorrhagic adrenal necrosis experimentally produced by the Shwartzman mechanism in rabbits.

Acute and severe haemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal was produced experimentally in rabbits by means of intravenous injection of endotoxin after pretreatment by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration. The change occurred mainly in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, and its pathology was quite similar to that of the Shwartzman reaction. Numerous microthrombi were found in and around the lesion, but no marked changes were seen in other parts of the body.

Ultrastructural localization of Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) in human liver by analytical scanning electron microscope.

The distribution of thorium dioxide (Thorotrast) in the liver from a Thorotrast-administered autopsy case was examined stereographically by analytical scanning electron microscopy. Thorium particles were detected in the macrophages of the portal triad and hepatic sinusoid. These macrophages were irregularly shaped and tended to be aggregated.

Systemic hemangiomatosis.

An autopsy case of unusual vasoformative tumor is presented. The distribution of this tumor was restricted to the organ of the hematopoietic system such as the spleen, liver, and whole bone marrow. Although it may be considered as a variant of certain splenic hemangiosarcoma because of widespread dissemination, both the benign-looking histological features and specific distribution of this tumor suggest its hamartomatous nature.

Immunohistochemical localization of apolipoprotein E in atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta and coronary arteries.

The distribution of apolipoprotein E (apo E) immunoreactive substances (IRS) in atherosclerotic lesions and lesion-free areas of the aorta and coronary arteries obtained from 17 autopsied cases was studied using a specific anti-apo E serum and the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method. In fatty streak lesions of the aorta, many cells containing apo E-IRS were found in the deeper layer of the intima and diffuse staining of apo E in the extracellular spaces was also noted. In more advanced lesions apo E-positive cells could not be found.

Anti-glucocorticoid effects of melatonin in young rats.

Administration of the pineal hormone melatonin to young female rats provided significant prevention of the injurious effects (decrease of body weight gain, atrophy of the thymus and adrenals, glucosuria, elevation of the blood level of glucose, free fatty acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol) caused by three different glucocorticoids, i.e. dexamethasone, prednisolone, and hydrocortisone.

Fatal hepatic necrosis after shock.

A clinicopathological study was undertaken in 15 cases of massive hepatic necrosis after shock. The GOT and GPT level exceeded 1000 units in 10 cases. The 15 cases consisted of 3 diagnosed as fulminant hepatitis clinically and 12 diagnosed as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or multiple systemic organ failure (MOF) from the unremarkableness of liver dysfunction.

A study on so-called novel inclusion body in human hepatocyte.

The so-called novel inclusion body (NIB) is an intrahepatocytic structure which is frequently observed in human cirrhotic liver. It resembles very much to, but definitely differs from Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) morphologically. The age distribution of liver cirrhosis cases positive for NIB is similar to that positive for HBsAg, except for an existence of a time lag in mean age.

A study on pulmonary hemorrhage experimentally produced by the Shwartzman mechanism in rabbits. Possible relationship to pulmonary hemorrhage in man.

The lung was chosen as a target organ of the univisceral Shwartzman reaction in this study. Rabbits were selected as the experimental animal, and E. coli endotoxin was used as the Shwartzman reagent.

Hepatitis B surface antigen in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs-Ag) was detected histologically (by victoria blue-nuclear fast red staining) in the liver in 20-40% of liver cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma) cases. In hepatoma cases, HBs-Ag was usually found in non-cancerous areas of the liver. However, some HBs-Ag positive cells were also found dispersed in cancerous areas; these were regarded as HBs-Ag-infected non-cancerous hepatic cells remaining undestroyed.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in the Philippines: a clinicopathological study of 150 cases.

Clinicopathological features were examined in 150 hepatocellular carcinoma cases autopsied from 1977 to 1983 in the Philippines and were compared to those of cases reported in Japan. The characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma in the Philippines were as follows. 1.

Isoferritins from tumorous and non-tumorous human liver.

Human ferritins purified from normal liver (LF) and from hepatocellular carcinoma (HF) showed different biochemical and immunological characteristics. Subunit preparations from the isoferritins showed differences in isoelectric focusing patterns, although both HF and LF were found to be composed of H and L subunits with apparently the same molecular weights. It is postulated that heterogeneities between the two isoferritins are not merely due to different proportions of H and L subunits, but also result from the existence of distinct species of the subunits bearing different surface electric charges.

Protracted histopathological change of the liver necrosis induced by Shwartzman reaction. An experimental animal model of liver cirrhosis?

Severe pathological fibrotic change of rabbits treated with endotoxin was produced. The liver of the rabbits that died within 14 days showed severe architectural distortion through wide fibrotic band which could be called morphologically post necrotic liver cirrhosis. On the other hand, in the liver of the rabbits that remained alive more than 14 days thin septal nodular structures were observed.

Melatonin protects rats from injurious effects of a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone.

Administration of the pineal hormone melatonin (1 mg/day) to growing female rats provided significant protection against the injurious effects (decrease of body weight gain and atrophy of the thymus and adrenals) caused by a glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (0.4-0.01 mg/day).

A study on chronologic change of the relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer based on autopsy diagnosis.

Human cases autopsied at the Department of Pathology, University of Tokyo, were studied to investigate the chronologic changes in the relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer occurrence. The results obtained were as follows: (1) it was confirmed that the incidence of lung cancer was significantly higher among cigarette smokers than among nonsmokers, and that there was a definite dose-response relationship between the quantity of cigarettes smoked and the occurrence of lung cancer; and (2) over the time span studied, the incidence of lung cancer among autopsies showed a remarkable increase. However, this tendency was seen in both cigarette smokers and nonsmokers, and in fact, the increase was comparatively higher in the latter group.

Induction of brain tumors by a newly isolated JC virus (Tokyo-1 strain).

A newly isolated virus from a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) (Tokyo-1 strain) was found serologically identical to JC virus (Mad-1 strain) and showed high neurooncogenicity in hamsters. Twenty-one animals inoculated intracerebrally with the virus developed brain tumors during a period that averaged 5 months. The tumors were cerebellar medulloblastoma (n = 20); plexus tumor (n = 2) occurred in 1 animal as a single tumor and in another in combination with a medulloblastoma.

A pathological study of fulminant hepatic disease.

Among 4,030 autopsies, 67 cases of fulminant hepatic failure were selected and studied from a pathological viewpoint. No sex difference in incidence was seen and the patients' age ranged very widely from 3 months to 78 years, showing comparatively high risk in the 20 s and 30 s in both sexes. Hepatitis virus was the most common cause, followed by toxic chemicals, shock, etc.

A study on renal papillary necrosis experimentally produced by the Shwartzman mechanism in rabbits.

To produce renal papillary necrosis experimentally by means of the Shwartzman mechanism in rabbits, E. coli endotoxin was injected into the renal pelvis unilaterally through the ureter as a preparative procedure after pretreatment by local administration of alcohol, and the same endotoxin was given again 24 hours later, but intravenously this time via the ear vein, as a provocation. Marked necrosis was produced in the renal papillae, where many intravascular fibrin thrombi were found histologically.