Parameters of 150 temperate and boreal tree species and provenances for an individual-based forest landscape and disturbance model.

Understanding the impacts of changing climate and disturbance regimes on forest ecosystems is greatly aided by the use of process-based models. Such models simulate processes based on first principles of ecology, which requires parameterization. Parameterization is an important step in model development and application, defining the characteristics of trees and their responses to the environment, i.

Beyond resilience: Responses to changing climate and disturbance regimes in temperate forest landscapes across the Northern Hemisphere.

Climate change has profound impacts on forest ecosystem dynamics and could lead to the emergence of novel ecosystems via changes in species composition, forest structure, and potentially a complete loss of tree cover. Disturbances fundamentally shape those dynamics: the prevailing disturbance regime of a region determines the inherent variability of a system, and its climate-mediated change could accelerate forest transformation. We used the individual-based forest landscape and disturbance model iLand to investigate the resilience of three protected temperate forest landscapes on three continents-selected to represent a gradient from low to high disturbance activity-to changing climate and disturbance regimes.

Cold kiss still hot: limited temperature effects on envenomation performance in predatory strikes of a Japanese pit viper ().

Understanding how environmental factors affect the performance of predators can provide profound insights into predator-prey interactions from evolutionary and ecological perspectives and the global distributional patterns of each taxon. Almost all venomous predators are ectotherms, with muscle contraction properties depending on temperature. For predators having venom transportation systems driven by muscle contraction, temperature may have quite large effects on envenomation performance for prey subjugation.

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing clarifies the role of CD33 SNP rs12459419 in gemtuzumab ozogamicin-mediated cytotoxicity.

The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12459419 is located at the intron/exon junction of CD33 exon2. When exon2 is skipped by this CD33 SNP, the full-length CD33 (CD33FL) is converted to a short CD33 isoform (CD33D2). Since gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) only recognizes CD33FL, the CD33 SNP may affect the clinical efficacy of GO.

Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of Liquid Crystals with 5-(4-Alkoxyphenylethynyl)tropolone.

New troponoid liquid crystals with 5-(4-alkoxyphenylethynyl)tropolone cores were synthesized. The 5-(4-alkoxyphenylethynyl)tropolones were obtained by the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of 5-iodotropolone with 4-alkoxyphenylacetylenes. The 2-alkoxy-5-(4-alkoxyphenylethynyl)tropones (1A) showed enantiotropic smectic phases, such as smectic A, C, and B.

Long-term Consequences on Soil Fungal Community Structure: Monoculture Planting and Natural Regeneration.

Understanding the regeneration and succession of belowground communities, particularly in forests, is vital for maintaining ecosystem health. Despite its importance, there is limited knowledge regarding how fungal communities change over time during ecosystem development, especially under different forest restoration strategies. In this study, we focused on two restoration methods used in northern Japan: monoculture planting and natural regeneration.

Hill-Chao numbers allow decomposing gamma multifunctionality into alpha and beta components.

Biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (BEF) research has provided strong evidence and mechanistic underpinnings to support positive effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning, from single to multiple functions. This research has provided knowledge gained mainly at the local alpha scale (i.e.

Biodiversity modeling advances will improve predictions of nature's contributions to people.

Accurate predictions of ecosystem functions and nature's contributions to people (NCP) are needed to prioritize environmental protection and restoration in the Anthropocene. However, our ability to predict NCP is undermined by approaches that rely on biophysical variables and ignore those describing biodiversity, which have strong links to NCP. To foster predictive mapping of NCP, we should harness the latest methods in biodiversity modeling.

DO Toxic Invasive Prey Become a Toxin Source for Native Consumers?

Toxic organisms can become food that potentially harms consumers. When these organisms become invasive species, the harm often turns to a serious threat that disrupts native ecosystems. On the other hand, there are consumers that can exploit toxic organisms for food and sequester intact toxins from them for the consumers' own chemical defense.

Synergistic effects of succession and microtopography of moraine on the fungal spatial diversity in a glacier forefield.

Primary succession and microtopography result in environmental changes and are important processes influencing the community assembly of soil fungi in the Arctic region. In glacier forefields that contain a series of moraine ridges, both processes contribute synchronously to fungal spatial diversity. To reveal the synergistic effects of succession and microtopography, we investigated the fungal community structure and environmental variables in the moraines of the Arklio Glacier, Ellesmere Island.

Giving fair credits to efforts in science and policy.

International collaborations aim to solve global environmental issues. Academic work and science-policy interfaces are instrumental in this pursuit, although scholars often overlook their significance. There is a need for fair credit distribution, transparency, and diversity in academia and policy reports.

Perspective: sustainability challenges, opportunities and solutions for long-term ecosystem observations.

As interest in natural capital grows and society increasingly recognizes the value of biodiversity, we must discuss how ecosystem observations to detect changes in biodiversity can be sustained through collaboration across regions and sectors. However, there are many barriers to establishing and sustaining large-scale, fine-resolution ecosystem observations. First, comprehensive monitoring data on both biodiversity and possible anthropogenic factors are lacking.

Assessing the importance of species and their assemblages for the biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality relationship.

Biodiversity changes, such as decline in species richness and biotic homogenization, can have grave consequences for ecosystem functionality. Careful investigation of biodiversity-ecosystem multifunctionality linkages with due consideration of conceptual and technical challenges is required to make the knowledge practically useful in managing social-ecological systems. In this paper, we introduced different methods to assess perspectives regarding the issue of diversity-multifunctionality, including a possible multifunctional redundancy/uniqueness, and the influences of the number and identity of functions on multifunctionality.

Vegetation as a key driver of the distribution of microbial generalists that in turn shapes the overall microbial community structure in the low Arctic tundra.

Understanding the variability of microbial niches and their interaction with abiotic and biotic factors in the Arctic can provide valuable insights into microbial adaptations to extreme environments. This study investigates the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities obtained from sites with varying vegetation coverage and soil biogeochemical properties in the low Arctic tundra and explores how bacteria interact under different environmental parameters. Our findings reveal differences in bacterial composition and abundance among three bacterial niche breadths (specialists, common taxa, and generalists).

Identity of the holotype and type locality of (Wall, 1923) (Colubridae: Natricinae), with notes on the morphology and natural history of the species in southwestern China.

The original description of (currently ) by Frank Wall in 1923, based on a specimen from the "Upper Burma Hills," lacked important morphological details that have complicated the assignment of recently collected material. Furthermore, although the holotype was never lost, its location has been misreported in one important taxonomic reference, leading to further confusion. We report the correct repository of the holotype (Natural History Museum, London), together with its current catalog number.

Clarifying the effect of biodiversity on productivity in natural ecosystems with longitudinal data and methods for causal inference.

Causal effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functions can be estimated using experimental or observational designs - designs that pose a tradeoff between drawing credible causal inferences from correlations and drawing generalizable inferences. Here, we develop a design that reduces this tradeoff and revisits the question of how plant species diversity affects productivity. Our design leverages longitudinal data from 43 grasslands in 11 countries and approaches borrowed from fields outside of ecology to draw causal inferences from observational data.

Global beta-diversity of angiosperm trees is shaped by Quaternary climate change.

As Earth's climate has varied strongly through geological time, studying the impacts of past climate change on biodiversity helps to understand the risks from future climate change. However, it remains unclear how paleoclimate shapes spatial variation in biodiversity. Here, we assessed the influence of Quaternary climate change on spatial dissimilarity in taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional composition among neighboring 200-kilometer cells (beta-diversity) for angiosperm trees worldwide.

Propensity Score Matching Analysis of the Safety of Completion Total Pancreatectomy for Remnant Pancreatic Tumors Versus that of Initial Total Pancreatectomy for Primary Pancreatic Tumors.

Background: The safety and feasibility of completion total pancreatectomy (TP) for remnant pancreatic neoplasms remain controversial and are rarely compared with that of initial TP. Thus, we aimed to compare the safety of these two procedures inducing a pancreatic state.

Methods: Patients who underwent TP for pancreatic neoplasms between 2006 and 2018 at our institution were included in this study.