Dopamine precursor depletion affects performance and confidence judgements when events are timed from an explicit, but not an implicit onset.

Dopamine affects processing of temporal information, but most previous work has tested its role in prospective tasks, where participants know in advance when the event to be timed starts. However, we are often exposed to events whose onset we do not know in advance. We can evaluate their duration after they have elapsed, but mechanisms underlying this ability are still elusive.

Sex Differences in Outcomes of Tetralogy of Fallot Patients With Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators.

Background: Women with congenital heart disease at high risk for sudden cardiac death have been poorly studied thus far.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess sex-related differences in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs).

Methods: Data were analyzed from the DAI-T4F (French National Registry of Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator) cohort study, which has prospectively enrolled all patients with TOF with ICDs in France since 2010.

Dopamine Precursor Depletion in Healthy Volunteers Impairs Processing of Duration but Not Temporal Order.

Studies in animals and humans have implicated the neurotransmitter dopamine in duration processing. However, very few studies have examined dopamine's involvement in other forms of temporal processing such as temporal order judgments. In a randomized within-subject placebo-controlled design, we used acute phenylalanine/tyrosine depletion (APTD) to reduce availability of the dopamine precursors tyrosine and phenylalanine in healthy human volunteers.

Evidence for visual temporal order processing below the threshold for conscious perception.

Correctly discriminating the order of events arising in our environment is a fundamental temporal process that allows us to better understand and interact with our dynamic world. However, if consecutive events are separated by an interval of less than 20-40 ms, we cannot consciously perceive their relative order. Nevertheless, indirect evidence suggests that the sequential order of events separated by less than 20 ms might still be processed subconsciously.