RAGE is a key regulator of ductular reaction-mediated fibrosis during cholestasis.

Ductular reaction (DR) is the hallmark of cholestatic diseases manifested in the proliferation of bile ductules lined by biliary epithelial cells (BECs). It is commonly associated with an increased risk of fibrosis and liver failure. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) was identified as a critical mediator of DR during chronic injury.

Extracellular Matrix Expression in Human Pancreatic Fat Cells of Patients with Normal Glucose Regulation, Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes.

Previously, we found that human pancreatic preadipocytes (PPAs) and islets influence each other and that the crosstalk with the fatty liver via the hepatokine fetuin-A/palmitate induces inflammatory responses. Here, we examined whether the mRNA-expression of pancreatic extracellular matrix (ECM)-forming and -degrading components differ in PPAs from individuals with normal glucose regulation (PPAs-NGR), prediabetes (PPAs-PD), and type 2 diabetes (PPAs-T2D), and whether fetuin-A/palmitate impacts ECM-formation/degradation and associated monocyte invasion. Human pancreatic resections were analyzed (immuno)histologically.

Effects of adrenergic-stimulated lipolysis and cytokine production on in vitro mouse adipose tissue-islet interactions.

Inflammatory cytokines and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) are obesity-linked factors that disturb insulin secretion. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pancreatic adipose tissue (pWAT) is able to generate a NEFA/cytokine overload within the pancreatic environment and as consequence to impact on insulin secretion. Pancreatic fat is a minor fat depot, therefore we used high-fat diet (HFD) feeding to induce pancreatic steatosis in mice.

Pancreatic fat cells of humans with type 2 diabetes display reduced adipogenic and lipolytic activity.

Obesity, especially visceral fat accumulation, increases the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of T2D on the pancreatic fat depot. Pancreatic fat pads from 17 partial pancreatectomized patients (PPP) were collected, pancreatic preadipocytes isolated, and in vitro differentiated.

FFA2-, but not FFA3-agonists inhibit GSIS of human pseudoislets: a comparative study with mouse islets and rat INS-1E cells.

The expression of short chain fatty acid receptors FFA2 and FFA3 in pancreatic islets raised interest in using them as drug targets for treating hyperglycemia in humans. This study aims to examine the efficacy of synthetic FFA2- and FFA3-ligands to modulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in human pseudoislets which display intact glucose responsiveness. The FFA2-agonists 4-CMTB and TUG-1375 inhibited GSIS, an effect reversed by the FFA2-antagonist CATPB.

Pancreatic Steatosis Associates With Impaired Insulin Secretion in Genetically Predisposed Individuals.

Context: Pancreatic steatosis leading to beta-cell failure might be involved in type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathogenesis.

Objective: We hypothesized that the genetic background modulates the effect of pancreatic fat on beta-cell function and investigated genotype × pancreatic fat interactions on insulin secretion.

Design: Two observational studies.

Glucose, adrenaline and palmitate antagonistically regulate insulin and glucagon secretion in human pseudoislets.

Isolated human islets do not always meet the quality standards required for transplant survival and reliable functional in vitro studies. The formation of pseudoislets, i.e.

What role do fat cells play in pancreatic tissue?

Background: It is now generally accepted that obesity is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Hepatic steatosis in particular, as well as visceral and ectopic fat accumulation within tissues, is associated with the development of the disease. We recently presented the first study on isolated human pancreatic adipocytes and their interaction with islets [Gerst, F.

Energy depletion and not ROS formation is a crucial step of glucolipotoxicity (GLTx) in pancreatic beta cells.

We have shown previously that genetic or pharmacological deletion of K channels protect against beta cell dysfunction induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Since it is assumed that glucolipotoxicity (GLTx) causes ROS production, we aimed to evaluate whether suppression of K channel activity can also prevent beta cell damage evoked by GLTx. We used an in vitro model of GLTx and measured distinct parameters of stimulus-secretion coupling.