Effects of Nurse Staffing on Missed Breastfeeding Support in Maternity Units With Different Nurse Work Environments.

Purpose: To examine the effect of nurse staffing in varying work environments on missed breastfeeding teaching and support in inpatient maternity units in the United States.

Background: Breast milk is the optimal food for newborns. Teaching and supporting women in breastfeeding are primarily a nurse's responsibility.

Racial disparities in low-risk cesarean birth rates across hospitals.

Background: We compared low-risk cesarean birth rates for Black and White women across hospitals serving increasing proportions of Black women and identified hospitals where Black women had low-risk cesarean rates less than or equal to White women.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis of secondary data from four states, we categorized hospitals by their proportion of Black women giving birth from "low" to "high". We analyzed the odds of low-risk cesarean for Black and White women across hospital categories.

Teacher depressive symptoms and children's school readiness in Ghana.

This study investigated associations between kindergarten teachers' (N = 208) depressive symptoms and students' (Ghanaian nationals, N = 1490, M  = 5.8) school-readiness skills (early literacy, early numeracy, social-emotional skills, and executive function) across 208 schools in Ghana over one school year. Teachers' depressive symptoms in the fall negatively predicted students' overall school-readiness skills in the spring, controlling for school-readiness skills in the fall.

Nursing Resources by Type of Maternity Unit Across Regions of the United States.

Objective: To examine variation in nursing resources across three different types of maternity units in five regions of the United States.

Design: Cross-sectional descriptive.

Setting: Maternity units in hospitals in 48 states and the District of Columbia that participated in the 2016 National Database of Nursing Quality Indicator survey.

Self-reported COVID-19 infection and implications for mental health and food insecurity among American college students.

While the COVID-19 pandemic affected mental health and increased food insecurity across the general population, less is known about the virus's impact on college students. A fall 2020 survey of more than 100,000 students at 202 colleges and universities in 42 states reveals sociodemographic variation in self-reported infections, as well as associations between self-reported infection and food insecurity and mental health. We find that 7% of students self-reported a COVID-19 infection, with sizable differences by race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parenting status, and student athlete status.

Policy Evaluation Of The Affordable Care Act Graduate Nurse Education Demonstration.

The US is experiencing a shortage of primary care providers, which could be reduced by the addition of nurse practitioners. However, the ability to increase the supply of nurse practitioners is limited by a shortage of clinical preceptors. The Affordable Care Act's Graduate Nurse Education Demonstration provided federal funding to offset the clinical training costs of advanced practice nurses.

The Nexus of Physical and Psychological Pain: Consequences for Mortality and Implications for Medical Sociology.

Although physical pain lies at the intersection of biology and social conditions, a sociology of pain is still in its infancy. We seek to show how physical and psychological pain are jointly parts of a common expression of despair, particularly in relation to mortality. Using the 2002-2014 National Health Interview Survey Linked Mortality Files (N = 228,098), we explore sociodemographic differences in the intersection of physical and psychological pain (referred to as the "pain-distress nexus") and its relationship to mortality among adults ages 25 to 64.

The Affordable Care Act's young adult mandate was associated with a reduction in pain prevalence.

Pain is a major health problem among U.S. young adults.

Depressive and anxiety symptoms in early childhood education teachers: Relations to professional well-being and absenteeism.

This study investigated how early childhood education teachers' (N = 444) depressive and anxiety symptoms predicted their professional well-being outcomes and absenteeism over the course of one school year in Ghana. Higher anxiety and depressive symptoms predicted lower job motivation and job satisfaction and higher levels of emotional exhaustion at the end of the school year. Increased depressive symptoms were further associated with more days absent over the course of the school year.

Predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms among teachers in Ghana: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial.

Rationale: While teachers are heralded as key drivers of student learning outcomes, little attention has been paid to teachers' mental health, especially in less-developed countries such as Ghana. Professional background, workplace environment, and personal life stressors may threaten teachers' mental health and subsequent effectiveness in the classroom.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to investigate 1) whether and how professional background, workplace environment, and personal life stressors predicted teachers' anxiety and depressive symptoms, and 2) whether participation in a professional development intervention predicted change in teachers' symptoms over the course of one school year in Ghana.

Changing trajectories of learning and development: experimental evidence from the Quality Preschool for Ghana interventions.

We examined how exposure to two intervention programmes designed to improve the quality of pre-primary education in Ghana-the Quality Preschool for Ghana project-impacted children's rate of growth in academic (literacy and numeracy) and non-academic skills (social-emotional and executive function) across two school years. This cluster-randomised trial included 240 schools ( = 3,345 children, = 5.2 at baseline) randomly assigned to one of three conditions: teacher training (TT), teacher training plus parental-awareness meetings (TTPA), and control.

Examining sustained impacts of two teacher professional development programs on professional well-being and classroom practices.

We examine second-year impacts of a 1-year pre-primary teacher training and coaching program, delivered with and without parental-awareness meetings, evaluated with a school-level randomized trial. Outcomes included teachers' professional well-being and classroom practices. Most gains observed during the program year faded out.

Longitudinal causal impacts of preschool teacher training on Ghanaian children's school readiness: Evidence for persistence and fade-out.

Preschool programs have expanded rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, but there are widespread concerns about whether they are of sufficient quality to promote children's learning and development. We conducted a large school-randomized control trial ('Quality Preschool for Ghana' - QP4G) of a one-year teacher training and coaching program, with and without parental-awareness meetings, designed to improve preschool quality and child development. We followed 3,435 children in 240 schools in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana, a country with universal pre-primary education.

Domains of Childhood Disadvantage and Functional Limitation Trajectories Among Midlife Men and Women in China.

To examine the impacts of four childhood disadvantage domains-parental behavior, hunger, health, and socioeconomic status (SES)-on functional limitation trajectories among midlife adults in China. Data (2011-2015) from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study ( = 8,646) were used to examine the associations between different domains of childhood disadvantage and functional limitation trajectories among adults aged 45 to 64. Adverse parental behavior was not associated with baseline functional limitation but was associated with steeper trajectories for men.

Childhood Conditions Predict Chronic Diseases and Functional Limitations Among Older Adults: The Case of Indonesia.

Limited knowledge exists about whether childhood health and socioeconomic status (SES) conditions influence health among older adults in Indonesia. Data from Wave 5 (2014/2015) of the Indonesian Family Life Survey ( = 6,530) was used to examine associations between childhood health and SES and hypertension, lung conditions, diabetes, lower body functional limitations (LBFL), and instrumental activities of daily living limitations (IADL). Poor childhood health was associated with 34% higher odds of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.