Three-dimensional hip and knee kinematics during walking, running, and single-limb drop landing in females with and without genu valgum.

Background: Dynamic knee valgus in females has been associated with various knee pathologies. Abnormal 3D hip and knee kinematics contribute prominently to this presentation, and these may become more aberrant with more demanding tasks. Underlying genu valgus may also accentuate such kinematics, but this effect has never been tested.