Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Female Runners: Results of a Survey.

Background: Few studies compare women with and without stress fractures and most focus on younger, elite runners.

Hypothesis/purpose: Compare risk factors between female runners with and without a stress fracture history.

Study Design: Case control.

The Effect of Oxygen on Bile Resistance in .

is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobe that is the causative agent of the disease listeriosis. The infectious ability of this bacterium is dependent upon resistance to stressors encountered within the gastrointestinal tract, including bile. Previous studies have indicated bile salt hydrolase activity increases under anaerobic conditions, suggesting anaerobic conditions influence stress responses.