Effects of Myopia and Glaucoma on the Neural Canal and Lamina Cribrosa Using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Prcis: Glaucoma was associated with axial bowing and rotation of Bruchs membrane opening (BMO) and anterior laminar insertion (ALI), skewed neural canal, and deeper anterior lamina cribrosa surface (ALCS). Longer axial length was associated with wider, longer, and more skewed neural canal and flatter ALCS.

Purpose: Investigate the effects of myopia and glaucoma in the prelaminar neural canal and anterior lamina cribrosa using 1060-nm swept-source optical coherence tomography.

The effect of stiffened diabetic red blood cells on wall shear stress in a reconstructed 3D microaneurysm.

Blood flow within the vasculature of the retina has been found to influence the progression of diabetic retinopathy. In this research cell resolved blood flow simulations are used to study the pulsatile flow of whole blood through a segmented retinal microaneurysm. Images were collected using adaptive optics optical coherence tomography of the retina of a patient with diabetic retinopathy, and a sidewall (sacciform) microaneurysm was segmented from the volumetric data.

LF-UNet - A novel anatomical-aware dual-branch cascaded deep neural network for segmentation of retinal layers and fluid from optical coherence tomography images.

Computer-assistant diagnosis of retinal disease relies heavily on the accurate detection of retinal boundaries and other pathological features such as fluid accumulation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive ophthalmological imaging technique that has become a standard modality in the field due to its ability to detect cross-sectional retinal pathologies at the micrometer level. In this work, we presented a novel framework to achieve simultaneous retinal layers and fluid segmentation.

Investigation of the Peripapillary Choriocapillaris in Normal Tension Glaucoma, Primary Open-angle Glaucoma, and Control Eyes.

Precis: The peripapillary choriocapillaris (CC) was observed to be significantly impaired in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) subjects compared with normal controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Purpose: The aim was to quantitatively evaluate the peripapillary CC in NTG, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and control eyes using OCTA.

Materials And Methods: Ninety eyes (30 controls, 30 NTG, and 30 POAG) from 73 patients were imaged using the Zeiss Plex Elite 9000.

Optimizing 3D retinal vasculature imaging in diabetic retinopathy using registration and averaging of OCT-A.

High resolution visualization of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) data is required to fully take advantage of the imaging modality's three-dimensional nature. However, artifacts induced by patient motion often degrade OCT-A data quality. This is especially true for patients with deteriorated focal vision, such as those with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Semi-supervised deep learning based 3D analysis of the peripapillary region.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has become an essential tool in the evaluation of glaucoma, typically through analyzing retinal nerve fiber layer changes in circumpapillary scans. Three-dimensional OCT volumes enable a much more thorough analysis of the optic nerve head (ONH) region, which may be the site of initial glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Automated analysis of this region is of great interest, though large anatomical variations and the termination of layers make the requisite peripapillary layer and Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) segmentation a challenging task.

Microvasculature Segmentation and Intercapillary Area Quantification of the Deep Vascular Complex Using Transfer Learning.

Purpose: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) permits visualization of the changes to the retinal circulation due to diabetic retinopathy (DR), a microvascular complication of diabetes. We demonstrate accurate segmentation of the vascular morphology for the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep vascular complex (DVC) using a convolutional neural network (CNN) for quantitative analysis.

Methods: The main CNN training dataset consisted of retinal OCT-A with a 6 × 6-mm field of view (FOV), acquired using a Zeiss PlexElite.

Ensemble Deep Learning for Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of ensemble learning techniques with deep learning in classifying diabetic retinopathy (DR) in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images and their corresponding co-registered structural images.

Methods: A total of 463 volumes from 380 eyes were acquired using the 3 × 3-mm OCTA protocol on the Zeiss Plex Elite system. Enface images of the superficial and deep capillary plexus were exported from both the optical coherence tomography and OCTA data.

Evaluating Signs of Microangiopathy Secondary to Diabetes in Different Areas of the Retina with Swept Source OCTA.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare perfusion parameters of the parafovea with scans outside the parafovea to find an area most susceptible to changes secondary to diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Patients with different DR severity levels as well as controls were included in this cross-sectional clinical trial. Seven standardized 3 × 3 mm areas were recorded with Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography: one centered on the fovea, three were temporal to the fovea, and three nasally to the optic disc.

ADAPTIVE OPTICS OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN A CASE OF ACUTE ZONAL OCCULT OUTER RETINOPATHY.

Purpose: To report a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy in which adaptive optics (AO) facilitated visualization of abnormal photoreceptors previously thought to be in an area of normal retina on conventional optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Case report.

Results: A 51-year-old woman presents with 11-month history of photopsias and scotoma in the temporal visual field of her left eye.

Application of optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy: a comprehensive review.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive method that enables visualization of blood flow within retinal vessels down to the size of capillaries by detecting motion contrast from moving blood cells. OCTA provides a fast and safe procedure to assess retinal microvasculature with higher contrast and resolution than conventional fluorescence angiography. The different capillary plexuses are displayed separately and their perfusion density can be quantified.

Longitudinal Analysis of Bruch Membrane Opening Morphometry in Myopic Glaucoma.

Unlabelled: PRéCIS:: The Bruch membrane opening (BMO) was posteriorly bowed and the degree of nonplanarity increased in stable and progressive glaucoma subjects. BMO became more posterior relative to the Bruch membrane (BM) in control and both stable and progressive glaucoma subjects.

Purpose: To investigate longitudinal changes in morphologic characteristics of the BMO in control and glaucomatous subjects.

Deep-learning based multiclass retinal fluid segmentation and detection in optical coherence tomography images using a fully convolutional neural network.

As a non-invasive imaging modality, optical coherence tomography (OCT) can provide micrometer-resolution 3D images of retinal structures. These images can help reveal disease-related alterations below the surface of the retina, such as the presence of edema, or accumulation of fluid which can distort vision, and are an indication of disruptions in the vasculature of the retina. In this paper, a new framework is proposed for multiclass fluid segmentation and detection in the retinal OCT images.

EN FACE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY OF INNER RETINAL DIMPLES AFTER INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE PEELING FOR FULL-THICKNESS MACULAR HOLES.

Purpose: To quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the microvascular and structural abnormalities associated with inner retinal dimpling after internal limiting membrane peeling for full-thickness macular holes using sequential en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography.

Methods: Thirteen eyes of 13 patients with idiopathic full-thickness macular holes were enrolled in the study. Patients were treated with pars plana vitrectomy, internal limiting membrane peeling, and gas tamponade.

Automated identification of cone photoreceptors in adaptive optics optical coherence tomography images using transfer learning.

Automated measurements of the human cone mosaic requires the identification of individual cone photoreceptors. The current gold standard, manual labeling, is a tedious process and can not be done in a clinically useful timeframe. As such, we present an automated algorithm for identifying cone photoreceptors in adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) images.

Label-free volumetric imaging of conjunctival collecting lymphatics ex vivo by optical coherence tomography lymphangiography.

We employ optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence microscopy (OCM) to study conjunctival lymphatics in porcine eyes ex vivo. This study is a precursor to the development of in vivo imaging of the collecting lymphatics for potentially guiding and monitoring glaucoma filtration surgery. OCT scans at 1300 nm and higher-resolution OCM scans at 785 nm reveal the lymphatic vessels via their optical transparency.

Effective bidirectional scanning pattern for optical coherence tomography angiography.

We demonstrate the utility of a novel scanning method for optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Although raster scanning is commonly used for OCTA imaging, a bidirectional approach would lessen the distortion caused by galvanometer-based scanners as sources continue to increase sweep rates. As shown, a unidirectional raster scan approach has a lower effective scanning time than bidirectional approaches; however, a strictly bidirectional approach causes contrast variation along the B-scan direction due to the non-uniform time interval between B-scans.

Quantitative comparisons between optical coherence tomography angiography and matched histology in the human eye.

The aim was to quantitatively compare retinal vascular detail as seen on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and matched histology in the human eye. 13 normal human donor eyes were used. The central retinal artery was cannulated after which human packed red blood cells were perfused through the retinal vasculature.

Multiscale sensorless adaptive optics OCT angiography system for in vivo human retinal imaging.

We present a multiscale sensorless adaptive optics (SAO) OCT system capable of imaging retinal structure and vasculature with various fields-of-view (FOV) and resolutions. Using a single deformable mirror and exploiting the polarization properties of light, the SAO-OCT-A was implemented in a compact and easy to operate system. With the ability to adjust the beam diameter at the pupil, retinal imaging was demonstrated at two different numerical apertures with the same system.

Age and Glaucoma-Related Characteristics in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Choroid: Localized Morphometrics and Visualization Using Functional Shapes Registration.

Optical coherence tomography provides high-resolution 3D imaging of the posterior segment of the eye. However, quantitative morphological analysis, particularly relevant in retinal degenerative diseases such as glaucoma, has been confined to simple sectorization and averaging with limited spatial sensitivity for detection of clinical markers. In this paper, we present point-wise analysis and visualization of the retinal nerve fiber layer and choroid from cross-sectional data using functional shapes (fshape) registration.

Wavefront sensorless adaptive optics OCT with the DONE algorithm for human retinal imaging [Invited].

In this report, which is an international collaboration of OCT, adaptive optics, and control research, we demonstrate the Data-based Online Nonlinear Extremum-seeker (DONE) algorithm to guide the image based optimization for wavefront sensorless adaptive optics (WFSL-AO) OCT for human retinal imaging. The ocular aberrations were corrected using a multi-actuator adaptive lens after linearization of the hysteresis in the piezoelectric actuators. The DONE algorithm succeeded in drastically improving image quality and the OCT signal intensity, up to a factor seven, while achieving a computational time of 1 ms per iteration, making it applicable for many high speed applications.

Quantifying Variability in Longitudinal Peripapillary RNFL and Choroidal Layer Thickness Using Surface Based Registration of OCT Images.

Purpose: To assess within-subject variability of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and choroidal layer thickness in longitudinal repeat optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with point-to-point measurement comparison made using nonrigid surface registration.

Methods: Nine repeat peripapillary OCT images were acquired over 3 weeks from 12 eyes of 6 young, healthy subjects using a 1060-nm prototype swept-source device. The RNFL, choroid and the Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) were segmented, and point-wise layer thicknesses and BMO dimensions were measured.

Strip-based registration of serially acquired optical coherence tomography angiography.

The visibility of retinal microvasculature in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) images is negatively affected by the small dimension of the capillaries, pulsatile blood flow, and motion artifacts. Serial acquisition and time-averaging of multiple OCT-A images can enhance the definition of the capillaries and result in repeatable and consistent visualization. We demonstrate an automated method for registration and averaging of serially acquired OCT-A images.

Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography for Targeted Transconjunctival Suture Placement in Overfiltering Trabeculectomy Blebs.

Purpose: To demonstrate the utility of swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (SS-AS-OCT) in guiding placement of transconjunctival sutures in hypotonous patients after a trabeculectomy.

Patients And Methods: This is a longitudinal case series of 10 eyes from 10 patients who required transconjunctival sutures after a trabeculectomy. SS-AS-OCT was used to aid in the placement of the sutures to improve the function of the overfiltering bleb.

Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of Radial Peripapillary Capillaries in Glaucoma, Glaucoma Suspect, and Normal Eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the quantitative characteristics of the radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network in glaucoma, glaucoma suspect, and normal eyes using speckle variance optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). To determine correlations between RPC density, nerve fiber layer (NFL) thickness, and visual field indices.

Design: Cross-sectional study.