Vochysia tucanorum Mart. butanol fraction presents antitumoral activity in vivo and prevents the installation of cachexia in solid Ehrlich tumor model.

Background: Cancer is a multifactorial disease caused by uncontrolled proliferation of cells. About 50-80% of cancer patients develop cachexia, a complex metabolic syndrome associated with an increase of mortality and morbidity. However, there are no effective therapies in medical clinic for cancer cachexia.

The Efficacy of Denosumab in the Management of a Tibial Paediatric Aneurysmal Bone Cyst Compromised by Rebound Hypercalcaemia.

Surgery is the main treatment option for patients with aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC). We report our experience of using denosumab as an alternative treatment in a child with a multiply recurrent and unresectable tibial ABC. The efficacy and safety of denosumab in the paediatric population, and in the treatment of ABC, are still to be fully evaluated.

Evaluation of Respiratory Therapist Extender Comfort With Mechanical Ventilation During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Staffing strategies used to meet the needs of respiratory care departments during the COVID-19 pandemic included the deployment of respiratory therapist extenders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate respiratory therapist extenders' comfort level with critical care ventilators while caring for patients with COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the deployment of certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) in a critical care setting.

Perceptions of Parenting Challenges and Career Progression Among Physician Faculty at an Academic Hospital.

This survey study compares the perceptions of male and female physician faculty members who have children regarding parenting challenges and career progression at an academic hospital.

A Model for Exploring Compatibility Between Applicants and Residency Programs: Right Resident, Right Program.

Holistic review of residency applications is touted as the gold standard for selection, yet vast application numbers leave programs reliant on screening using filters such as United States Medical Licensing Examination scores that do not reliably predict resident performance and may threaten diversity. Applicants struggle to identify which programs to apply to, and devote attention to these processes throughout most of the fourth year, distracting from their clinical education. In this perspective, educators across the undergraduate and graduate medical education continuum propose new models for student-program compatibility based on design thinking sessions with stakeholders in obstetrics and gynecology education from a broad range of training environments.

Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Feasibility of Digital Health Interventions for LGBTIQ+ Young People: Systematic Review.

Background: Young people (aged 12-25 years) with diverse sexuality, gender, or bodily characteristics, such as those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer (LGBTIQ+), are at substantially greater risk of a range of mental, physical, and sexual health difficulties compared with their peers. Digital health interventions have been identified as a potential way to reduce these health disparities.

Objective: This review aims to summarize the characteristics of existing evidence-based digital health interventions for LGBTIQ+ young people and to describe the evidence for their effectiveness, acceptability, and feasibility.

The Role of the Avatar in Gaming for Trans and Gender Diverse Young People.

A significant proportion of trans and gender diverse (TGD) young people report membership of the gaming community and resultant benefits to wellbeing. To date their experiences and needs regarding a key feature of games, the avatar, are largely unexplored, despite increasing interest in the therapeutic role of avatars in the general population. The aim of this study was to better understand the role of the avatar in gaming, its impact on TGD young people's mental health, and their unique needs regarding avatar design.

Stakeholder Perspectives on Standardizing the Residency Application and Interview Processes.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine stakeholder perspectives on recommended standards for the obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) residency application and interview processes proposed for the 2019 to 2020 application cycle. The authors aimed to assess the acceptance and perception of key stakeholders on the feasibility of implementing the standards as well as the effect of these changes on applicant anxiety.

Design And Setting: The authors electronically distributed an anonymous survey in February 2020 to OBGYN residency applicants, clerkship directors, student affairs deans, program directors, and program managers.

Can Standardized Dates for Interview Offers Mitigate Excessive Interviewing?

Objective: To determine the impact of specialty-specific guidelines for standardized interview offers on residency applicant behavior towards excessive interviewing.

Design: In 2019 to 2020, the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the Council on Resident Education in Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) outlined standard dates for residency interview offers. A cross-sectional survey of applicants queried adherence to standardized interview offers, the number of interviews offers received, interviews completed, and application characteristics.

Trainees' Perceptions of the Transition From Medical School to Residency.

Background: There is emerging evidence that learners may be suboptimally prepared for the expectations of residency. In order to address these concerns, many medical schools are implementing residency preparation courses (RPCs).

Objective: We aimed to determine trainees' perceptions of their transition to residency and whether they felt that they benefited from participation in an RPC.

Paternal low protein diet and the supplementation of methyl-donors impact fetal growth and placental development in mice.

Introduction: Paternal low-protein diet can alter sperm methylation status, fetal growth and program offspring ill-health, however its impact on the placenta remains poorly defined. Here we examine the influence paternal low-protein diet has on fetal and placental development and the additional impact of supplementary methyl-donors on fetoplacental physiology.

Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a control normal protein diet (NPD; 18% protein), a low-protein diet (LPD; 9% protein) or LPD with methyl-donor supplementation (MD-LPD; choline chloride, betaine, methionine, folic acid, vitamin B12) for a minimum of 8 weeks.

A fast impedance-based antimicrobial susceptibility test.

There is an urgent need to develop simple and fast antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) that allow informed prescribing of antibiotics. Here, we describe a label-free AST that can deliver results within an hour, using an actively dividing culture as starting material. The bacteria are incubated in the presence of an antibiotic for 30 min, and then approximately 10 cells are analysed one-by-one with microfluidic impedance cytometry for 2-3 min.

To the Point: Integrating the Obstetrics and Gynecology Core Clerkship into a Longitudinal Integrated Curriculum in US Medical Schools.

This article, from the "To the Point" series that is prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics (APGO) Undergraduate Medical Education Committee, is a review of issues to consider when integrating obstetrics and gynecology into a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC) model. The background, objectives, and outcomes related to LIC are discussed. Specific challenges and solutions for structuring an LIC in the context of obstetrics and gynecology are examined, which include student/faculty issues as well as process matters such as general infrastructure and specific curriculum concerns.

Women not in cardiology: where are we going wrong? A survey of the perceptions and barriers to training.

In the UK, there is a difference between the medical specialties and cardiology in recruitment of women. Research, thus far, has concentrated on women already in cardiology. Although invaluable in understanding barriers to training, these studies fail to provide insight into why other trainees chose an alternative.

To the Point: advising students applying to Obstetrics and Gynecology residency in 2020 and beyond.

This article, from the "To the Point" series by the Undergraduate Medical Education Committee of the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics, is a guide for advising medical students applying to Obstetrics and Gynecology residency programs. The residency application process is changing rapidly in response to an increasingly complex and competitive atmosphere, with a wider recognition of the stress, expense, and difficulty of matching into graduate training programs. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and societal upheaval make this application cycle more challenging than ever before.

Defining the male contribution to embryo quality and offspring health in assisted reproduction in farm animals.

Assisted reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination have delivered significant benefits for farm animal reproduction. However, as with humans, assisted reproduction in livestock requires the manipulation of the gametes and preimplantation embryo. The significance of this 'periconception' period is that it represents the transition from parental genome regulation to that of the newly formed embryo.

Paternal programming of offspring health.

In recent years, a new focus of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis has emerged examining the potential role that paternal health may play in embryo development, fetal growth and long-term offspring health. While the association between male health and sperm quality has been studied in detail, our understanding of the long-term paternal effects on offspring health remains limited. As with studies aimed at understanding maternal programming, animal models are an essential tool with which to define the underlying mechanisms linking paternal health to post-fertilisation development and offspring well-being.

The Case for Capping Residency Interviews.

Objective: To determine 2020 residency cycle application practices and to model potential consequences in the 2021 cycle if (1) applicants scheduled an uncapped number of interviews; (2) applicants were capped to schedule 12 interviews; (3) residency programs kept their number of interview offers unchanged; and (4) programs increased their interview offers by 20%.

Design And Setting: The authors sent an anonymous survey to all obstetrics and gynecology applicants registered through the Electronic Residency Application Service in February 2020 asking respondents to share demographics and number of interview offers received and completed. Based on prior estimates that 12 interviews are needed to match in obstetrics and gynecology, respondents were divided into Group 12+ (those receiving ≥12 interview offers) and Group <12 (those receiving <12 offers).

Time-resolved microwell cell-pairing array reveals multiple T cell activation profiles.

The differences in behaviour between individual cells in a large population are often important, yet are masked in bulk analyses where only average parameters are measured. One unresolved question in the field of immunology is the extent to which important immunological phenomena such as immunodominance to cancer antigens correlates with the average activity of a population of antigen-specific T lymphocytes, or with the activity of individual "outlier" cells. Despite progress in single cell technologies, few platforms are available that can deliver time-resolved, functional analysis at single cell resolution, for these investigations.

An Ace Angiographic Diagnosis.

Interventional cardiologists should maintain awareness of extracardiac structures when undertaking cardiac catheterization, as pathology outside of the coronary arteries may be identified.