Changing the trajectories of mental health difficulties in Norfolk and Suffolk: a research-priority-setting project with patients, the public, clinicians, policymakers and other stakeholders-study protocol.

Introduction: Mental health problems are the most significant cause of disability and have high annual economic costs; hence, they are a priority for the government, service providers and policymakers. Consisting of largely coastal and rural communities, the populations of Norfolk and Suffolk, UK, have elevated burdens of mental health problems, areas with high levels of deprivation and an increasing migrant population. However, these communities are underserved by research and areas with the greatest mental health needs are not represented or engaged in research.

Polygenic and Polyenvironment Interplay in Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder and Affective Psychosis; the EUGEI First Episode Study.

Background: Multiple genetic and environmental risk factors play a role in the development of both schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and affective psychoses. How they act in combination is yet to be clarified.

Methods: We analyzed 573 first episode psychosis cases and 1005 controls, of European ancestry.

The impact of schizophrenia genetic load and heavy cannabis use on the risk of psychotic disorder in the EU-GEI case-control and UK Biobank studies.

Background: The association between cannabis and psychosis is established, but the role of underlying genetics is unclear. We used data from the EU-GEI case-control study and UK Biobank to examine the independent and combined effect of heavy cannabis use and schizophrenia polygenic risk score (PRS) on risk for psychosis.

Methods: Genome-wide association study summary statistics from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and the Genomic Psychiatry Cohort were used to calculate schizophrenia and cannabis use disorder (CUD) PRS for 1098 participants from the EU-GEI study and 143600 from the UK Biobank.

Pathways to care: Source of referral at first-episode psychosis, a cross-country comparison between Bologna and South London.

Objectives: Pathways to Care (PtC) are useful indicators of how patients access mental healthcare, especially in the context of first-episode psychosis (FEP). We explored how PtC: source of referral, is associated with patients' characteristics and clinical presentation and assessed the cross-country differences of the PtC predictors between South London and Bologna.

Methods: This study included 427 FEP individuals in the context of the European Union Gene-Environment Interactions (EU-GEI) study.

Anterior Rotator Interval Lesion (ARIL), its association with glenoid labrum pathology in patients with anterior shoulder pain and surgical outcome of Arthroscopic Rotator Interval Closure (ARIC).

Background: Anterior rotator interval lesions (ARIL) have been associated with shoulder instability. However, a paucity of data exists on its association with labrum pathology as a source for persistent anterior shoulder pain. This study primarily aims to describe pathoanatomy of ARIL and the parameters we used that aid in the diagnosis of ARIL.

Bullying Victimization and Self-Harm Among Adolescents from Diverse Inner-City Schools: Variation by Bullying Sub-Types and the Role of Sex.

Objective: Bullying has consistently been highlighted as a risk factor for youth self-harm. Less is known about associations by bullying sub-type (i.e.

Rapid Systematic Screening of Bispecific Antibody Surrogate Geometries for T-Cell Engagement Using DNA Nanotechnology.

Bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are emerging immune-therapeutics, and many formats exist that differ considerably in structure. However, little systematic data exist about how the spatial organization of their components influences activity, requiring innovative approaches combining empirical and quantitative frameworks. This study presents a modular DNA nanotechnology platform to generate numerous bsAbs with surrogate geometries that span the structural features of the BiTE, IgG-like, and IgG-conjugate platforms to screen for T-cell engagement.

Toward Equitable Interventions in Public Mental Health: A Review.

Importance: The field of public mental health is evolving to tackle the profound impact of global challenges such as climate change, migration, and health crises. These issues accentuate health and social inequities, necessitating a focus on how to achieve interventions that are equitable and enhance mental health across all societal strata.

Observations: Population-based interventions can inadvertently exacerbate mental health inequities if they are primarily assessed by, and beneficial to, the most advantaged.

Spatial computational modelling illuminates the role of the tumour microenvironment for treating glioblastoma with immunotherapies.

Glioblastoma is the most common and deadliest brain tumour in adults, with a median survival of 15 months under the current standard of care. Immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and oncolytic viruses have been extensively studied to improve this endpoint. However, most thus far have failed.

Immersive virtual reality as a novel approach to investigate the association between adverse events and adolescent paranoid ideation.

Purpose: Paranoid ideation is common among adolescents, yet little is known about the precursors. Using a novel immersive virtual reality (VR) paradigm, we tested whether experiences of bullying, and other interpersonal/threatening events, are associated with paranoid ideation to a greater degree than other types of (i) non-interpersonal events or (ii) adverse childhood experiences.

Methods: Self-reported exposure to adverse life events and bullying was collected on 481 adolescents, aged 11-15.

Neighbourhoods & recovery from psychosis in Trinidad: A qualitative study.

•Various aspects of neighbourhood environments influence recovery from psychosis.•High levels of violence at the neighbourhood level may negatively affect recovery.•Social cohesion may be a protective factor that promotes recovery.

Exploring the research needs, barriers and facilitators to the collection of biological data in adolescence for mental health research: a scoping review protocol paper.

Introduction: While research into adolescent mental health has developed a considerable understanding of environmental and psychosocial risk factors, equivalent biological evidence is lacking and is not representative of economic, social and ethnic diversity in the adolescent population. It is important to understand the possible barriers and facilitators to conduct this research. This will then allow us to improve our understanding of how biology interacts with environmental and psychosocial risk factors during adolescence.

Mechanisms for Integrating Real Data into Search Game Simulations: An Application to Winter Health Service Pressures and Preventative Policies.

While modelling and simulation are powerful techniques for exploring complex phenomena, if they are not coupled with suitable real-world data any results obtained are likely to require extensive validation. We consider this problem in the context of search game modelling, and suggest that both demographic and behaviour data are used to configure certain model parameters. We show this integration in practice by using a combined dataset of over 150,000 individuals to configure a specific search game model that captures the environment, population, interventions and individual behaviours relating to winter health service pressures.

A cross-sectional investigation into the role of intersectionality as a moderator of the relation between youth adversity and adolescent depression/anxiety symptoms in the community.

Background: Adolescents exposed to adversity show higher levels of depression and anxiety, with the strongest links seen in socially/societally disadvantaged individuals (e.g., females, low socioeconomic status [SES]), as well as neurodivergent individuals.

Studying the context of psychoses to improve outcomes in Ethiopia (SCOPE): Protocol paper.

Background: Global evidence on psychosis is dominated by studies conducted in Western, high-income countries. The objectives of the Study of Context Of Psychoses to improve outcomes in Ethiopia (SCOPE) are (1) to generate rigorous evidence of psychosis experience, epidemiology and impacts in Ethiopia that will illuminate aetiological understanding and (2) inform development and testing of interventions for earlier identification and improved first contact care that are scalable, inclusive of difficult-to-reach populations and optimise recovery.

Methods: The setting is sub-cities of Addis Ababa and rural districts in south-central Ethiopia covering 1.

Integrating Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion into Preclinical, Clinical, and Public Health Mathematical Models.

Mathematical modelling applied to preclinical, clinical, and public health research is critical for our understanding of a multitude of biological principles. Biology is fundamentally heterogeneous, and mathematical modelling must meet the challenge of variability head on to ensure the principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are integrated into quantitative analyses. Here we provide a follow-up perspective on the DEI plenary session held at the 2023 Society for Mathematical Biology Annual Meeting to discuss key issues for the increased integration of DEI in mathematical modelling in biology.

Youth adversity and trajectories of depression/anxiety symptoms in adolescence in the context of intersectionality in the United Kingdom.

Background: Youth adversity is associated with persistence of depression and anxiety symptoms. This association may be greater for disadvantaged societal groups (such as females) compared with advantaged groups (e.g.

Mathematical modelling of clonal reduction therapeutic strategies in acute myeloid leukemia.

Over the years, the overall survival of older patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not significantly increased. Although standard cytotoxic therapies that rapidly eliminate dividing myeloblasts are used to induce remission, relapse can occur due to surviving therapy-resistant leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Hence, anti-LSC strategies have become a key target to cure AML.

Intra-Host Evolution Analyses in an Immunosuppressed Patient Supports SARS-CoV-2 Viral Reservoir Hypothesis.

Throughout the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified, many of which share recurrent mutations in the spike glycoprotein's receptor-binding domain (RBD). This region coincides with known epitopes and can therefore have an impact on immune escape. Protracted infections in immunosuppressed patients have been hypothesized to lead to an enrichment of such mutations and therefore drive evolution towards VOCs.