Empirical legal analysis simplified: reducing complexity through automatic identification and evaluation of legally relevant factors.

This paper investigates the potential for reducing the complexity of AI and Law and empirical legal studies projects through a novel annotation methodology that relies on GPT Family Models to assist human annotators. Improving the speed, cost and quality of annotation could greatly benefit such projects. In modelling types of legal claims, researchers in the fields of empirical legal studies and AI and Law have long relied on manually annotating factors in case texts.

Mobility of Oxathiapiprolin and Mefenoxam in Citrus Seedlings After Root Application and Implications for Managing Phytophthora Root Rot.

Oxathiapiprolin is highly effective in the management of Phytophthora root rot of citrus; however, its uptake into plants after soil application is not known. This was investigated and compared with mefenoxam using potted citrus seedlings sampled 7, 10, 13, and 16 days after soil treatments. Bioassays and high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS/MS) were used to quantify fungicide amounts in plant extracts.

Evaluation of New Oomycota Fungicides for Management of Phytophthora Root Rot of Citrus in California.

Phytophthora root rot, caused by several species of Phytophthora, is an important disease of citrus in California and other growing regions. For chemical management, mefenoxam and potassium phosphite have been available for many years, and resistance in Phytophthora spp. has been reported for both compounds.

Baseline Sensitivities of New Fungicides and Their Toxicity to Selected Life Stages of Phytophthora Species from Citrus in California.

Phytophthora citrophthora, P. syringae, P. nicotianae, and P.