Olfactory bulb tracks breathing rhythms and place in freely behaving mice.

Vertebrates sniff to control the odor samples that enter their nose. These samples can not only help identify odorous objects, but also locations and events. However, there is no receptor for place or time.

Direct laser writing of 3D electrodes on flexible substrates.

This report describes a 3D microelectrode array integrated on a thin-film flexible cable for neural recording in small animals. The fabrication process combines traditional silicon thin-film processing techniques and direct laser writing of 3D structures at micron resolution via two-photon lithography. Direct laser-writing of 3D-printed electrodes has been described before, but this report is the first to provide a method for producing high-aspect-ratio structures.

Owl Monkey Insertion Polymorphisms and Phylogenetics.

Owl monkeys (genus ), or "night monkeys" are platyrrhine primates in the Aotidae family. Early taxonomy only recognized one species, , until 1983, when Hershkovitz proposed nine unique species designations, classified into red-necked and gray-necked species groups based predominately on pelage coloration. Recent studies questioned this conventional separation of the genus and proposed designations based on the geographical location of wild populations.

Cebidae Element Alignments and a Complex Non-Human Primate Radiation.

Phylogenetic relationships among Cebidae species of platyrrhine primates are presently under debate. Studies prior to whole genome sequence (WGS) availability utilizing unidirectional repeats linked and as sister taxa, based on a limited number of genetic markers and specimens, while the relative positions of , and remained controversial. Multiple WGS allowed computational detection of -genome junctions, however random mutation and evolutionary decay of these short-read segments prevented phylogenetic resolution.

Infection With the US Neisseria meningitidis Urethritis Clade Does Not Lower Future Risk of Urethral Gonorrhea.

Background: Cross-protective immunity between Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) may inform gonococcal vaccine development. Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines confer modest protection against gonorrhea. However, whether urethral Nm infection protects against gonorrhea is unknown.

Sniff-synchronized, gradient-guided olfactory search by freely moving mice.

For many organisms, searching for relevant targets such as food or mates entails active, strategic sampling of the environment. Finding odorous targets may be the most ancient search problem that motile organisms evolved to solve. While chemosensory navigation has been well characterized in microorganisms and invertebrates, spatial olfaction in vertebrates is poorly understood.

Movement-Related Signals in Sensory Areas: Roles in Natural Behavior.

Recent studies have demonstrated prominent and widespread movement-related signals in the brain of head-fixed mice, even in primary sensory areas. However, it is still unknown what role these signals play in sensory processing. Why are these sensory areas 'contaminated' by movement signals? During natural behavior, animals actively acquire sensory information as they move through the environment and use this information to guide ongoing actions.

Repeat Episodes of Symptomatic Urethritis Due to a Uropathogenic Meningococcal Clade.

In 2015, we identified a non-groupable clade of Neisseria meningitidis that causes urethritis in men (the US_NmUC). Because repeat infection is common with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, we examined whether reinfection also occurs with the US_NmUC. We provide evidence that men are susceptible to repeat episodes of urethritis from the US_NmUC.

Determination of the Thermal Noise Limit of Graphene Biotransistors.

To determine the thermal noise limit of graphene biotransistors, we have measured the complex impedance between the basal plane of single-layer graphene and an aqueous electrolyte. The impedance is dominated by an imaginary component but has a finite real component. Invoking the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, we determine the power spectral density of thermally driven voltage fluctuations at the graphene/electrolyte interface.

Single electron charge sensitivity of liquid-gated carbon nanotube transistors.

Random telegraph signals corresponding to activated charge traps were observed with liquid-gated CNT FETs. The high signal-to-noise ratio that we observe demonstrates that single electron charge sensing is possible with CNT FETs in liquids at room temperature. We have characterized the gate-voltage dependence of the random telegraph signals and compared to theoretical predictions.