Serum HCoV-spike specific antibodies do not protect against subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents.

SARS-CoV-2 infections in children are generally asymptomatic or mild and rarely progress to severe disease and hospitalization. Why this is so remains unclear. Here we explore the potential for protection due to pre-existing cross-reactive seasonal coronavirus antibodies and compare the rate of antibody decline for nucleocapsid and spike protein in serum and oral fluid against SARS-CoV-2 within the pediatric population.

The role of spirituality and identity formation in personal recovery from traumatic brain injury: A qualitative analysis through the personal experiences of survivors.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of acquired brain injury (ABI) that happens when a sudden, external, physical assault damages the brain. TBI can cause long-term cognitive impairments and other lifestyle changes that may affect psychological wellbeing. Among the psychological challenges people recovering from TBI often face is the subjective loss of their pre-injury identity.

Persistence of immune response in heterologous COVID vaccination schedules in the Com-COV2 study - A single-blind, randomised trial incorporating mRNA, viral-vector and protein-adjuvant vaccines.

Background: Heterologous COVID vaccine priming schedules are immunogenic and effective. This report aims to understand the persistence of immune response to the viral vectored, mRNA and protein-based COVID-19 vaccine platforms used in homologous and heterologous priming combinations, which will inform the choice of vaccine platform in future vaccine development.

Methods: Com-COV2 was a single-blinded trial in which adults ≥ 50 years, previously immunised with single dose 'ChAd' (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, AZD1222, Vaxzevria, Astrazeneca) or 'BNT' (BNT162b2, tozinameran, Comirnaty, Pfizer/BioNTech), were randomised 1:1:1 to receive a second dose 8-12 weeks later with either the homologous vaccine, or 'Mod' (mRNA-1273, Spikevax, Moderna) or 'NVX' (NVX-CoV2373, Nuvaxovid, Novavax).

Community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents in England, 2019-2021.

Objective: To understand community seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents. This is vital to understanding the susceptibility of this cohort to COVID-19 and to inform public health policy for disease control such as immunisation.

Design: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional seroprevalence study in participants aged 0-18 years old recruiting from seven regions in England between October 2019 and June 2021 and collecting extensive demographic and symptom data.

Effect of priming interval on reactogenicity, peak immunological response, and waning after homologous and heterologous COVID-19 vaccine schedules: exploratory analyses of Com-COV, a randomised control trial.

Background: Priming COVID-19 vaccine schedules have been deployed at variable intervals globally, which might influence immune persistence and the relative importance of third-dose booster programmes. Here, we report exploratory analyses from the Com-COV trial, assessing the effect of 4-week versus 12-week priming intervals on reactogenicity and the persistence of immune response up to 6 months after homologous and heterologous priming schedules using the vaccines BNT162b2 (tozinameran, Pfizer/BioNTech) and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AstraZeneca).

Methods: Com-COV was a participant-masked, randomised immunogenicity trial.

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and efficacy of herbal oils and extracts in disinfection of gutta percha cones before obturation.

Objectives: Literature has shown that micro-organisms contaminate gutta percha (GP) during storage and manipulation. Till date herbal extracts are not explored as an alternative medicament for pre-operative chairside disinfection of GP cones. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity and efficacy of lemon grass oil (LG), basil oil (BO), and obicure tea extract (OT) in disinfecting GP cones before obturation.

In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial efficacy of chitosan and other endodontic irrigants against Enterococcus faecalis.

The success of endodontic treatment is directly enhanced by elimination of microorganisms in infected root canals. Recently, chitosan, a natural, nontoxic biopolymer, has been introduced as an irrigant that has the capacity to remove the smear layer. The antimicrobial properties of chitosan as an endodontic irrigant have not yet been explored.

Evaluation of effect of ultrasonic scaling on surface roughness of four different tooth-colored class V restorations: An in-vitro study.

Aims: This study evaluated the effect of ultrasonic scaling on surface roughness of four different tooth-colored class V restorations.

Materials And Methods: Out of 100 human extracted teeth, 20 were randomly selected for each group, marked with the outline of class V cavity. Class V cavities were prepared on facial surface of teeth of all groups except control group.

Patient preferences for depression treatment programs and willingness to pay for treatment.

Background: Current estimates of the societal costs of depression do not include estimates of how much individuals diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) would be willing to pay to eliminate their depression or how much they would have to be paid in order to accept continued depression. Choice-question data and discrete-choice random-utility models provide a useful method for valuing changes in mental health and mental-health treatment programs.

Aims Of The Study: (i) To demonstrate how choice questions and discrete-choice random-utility models can be used to estimate preferences over treatment programs for depression and willingness-to-pay (WTP) to eliminate depression.

Investigating placebo effects in irritable bowel syndrome: a novel research design.

Little is known about placebo effects with scientific precision. Poor methodology has confounded our understanding of the magnitude and even the existence of the placebo effect. Investigating placebo effects presents special research challenges including: the design of appropriate controls for studying placebo effects including separating such effects from natural history and regression to the mean, the need for large sample sizes to capture expected small effects, and the need to understand such potential effects from a patient's perspective.

Using patient characteristics and attitudinal data to identify depression treatment preference groups: a latent-class model.

A latent-class model is used to identify and characterize groups of patients who share similar attitudes towards treating depression. The results predict the probability of preference-group membership on the basis of observable characteristics and answers to attitudinal questions. Understanding the types of preference groups that exist and a patient's probability of membership in each of the groups can help clinicians tailor the treatment to the patient and may increase patient adherence.

Willingness to pay and determinants of choice for improved malaria treatment in rural Nepal.

A logit model is used to estimate provider choice from six types by malaria patients in rural Nepal. Patient characteristics that influence choice include travel costs, income category, household size, gender, and severity of malaria. Income effects are introduced by assuming the marginal utility of money is a step function of expenditures on the numeraire.

Estimating recreational trout fishing damages in Montana's Clark Fork River basin: summary of a natural resource damage assessment.

This paper summarizes a natural resource damage assessment for the State of Montana. Mining wastes have caused significant reductions in trout stocks in a 145-mile stretch of Montana's Silver Bow Creek and Clark Fork River. To estimate economic damages from decreases in catch rates, we develop and estimate an individual-based utility-theoretic model of where and how often an angler will fish as a function of travel costs, catch rates, and other influential characteristics of the site and individuals.

Estimating the benefits and costs to mountain bikers of changes in trail characteristics, access fees, and site closures: choice experiments and benefits transfer.

Mountain biking is an increasingly popular leisure pursuit. Consequences are trail degradation and conflicts with hikers and other users. Resource managers often attempt to resolve these problems by closing trails to mountain biking.

The effect of potential investment expansion and hot strength on the fit of full crown castings made with phosphate-bonded investment.

In an earlier investigation, it was shown that when full crowns are cast in gypsum-bonded investments, their relative inaccuracy is affected by both the investment's potential expansion and its hot strength. This study repeated the earlier one, but used a high-melting gold alloy and two phosphate-bonded investments. The investments were used under conditions which gave a range of potential expansions and hot strengths.

The effect of potential investment expansion and hot strength on the fit of full-crown castings made with a gypsum-bonded investment.

Objectives: It has been claimed that the strength of the investment mold at the casting temperature affects the dimensional accuracy of castings (e.g., Markley, 1953; Earnshaw, 1957; Asgar, 1972), but the relationship has not been studied quantitatively.

The fit of gold-alloy full-crown castings made with ceramic casting ring liners.

Measurements were made of the fit of gold-alloy full-crown castings produced with dry ceramic ring liners. When used with vacuum investing, these liners absorb relatively large amounts of water from the investment mix (thereby reducing its original W/P ratio) and then function as wet liners, thus increasing the investment's potential expansion and giving castings which are consistently larger than when air investing is used. With four of the five liners tested, investing in air produced many castings which were unacceptably undersized (inaccuracy worse than -0.

The fit of gold-alloy full-crown castings made with pre-wetted casting ring liners.

Measurements were made of the fit of full-crown gold-alloy castings produced with two types of pre-wetted ring liner (asbestos and cellulose) and a typical gypsum-bonded investment (Cristobalite Inlay, Sybron/Kerr Products, Romulus, MI; W/P = 0.40). Laboratory measurements were made of the effects of the liners on potential investment expansion, and properties of the lining materials considered relevant to casting accuracy were also measured.

Preosteoblast production in COSMOS 2044 rats: short-term recovery of osteogenic potential.

The influence of a 13.8-day spaceflight and approximately 8.5-11 h of recovery at 1 g on fibroblast-like osteoblast precursor cells was assessed in the periodontal ligament of rat maxillary first molars.

Dimensional accuracy of small gold alloy castings. Part 4. The casting ring and ring liners.

The role of the casting ring and its asbestos liner is discussed. Asbestos as a liner has now largely been replaced by two alternative materials, one based on cellulose and the other on ceramic fibres. The limited literature on the effect of these newer materials on casting accuracy is also reviewed as their introduction may require significant changes in the traditional technology of dental casting.

Dimensional accuracy of small gold alloy castings. Part 3. Gypsum-bonded investment expansion.

The literature on the setting and thermal expansion of investments under both laboratory and practical conditions is reviewed.

Dimensional accuracy of small gold alloy castings. Part 1. A brief history and the behaviour of inlay waxes.

Part 1 reviews published studies which relate to materials and techniques contributing to the dimensional accuracy of small dental castings. A brief history of the cire perdue or lost-wax method of casting alloys and the development of modern dental casting materials and techniques are presented. Data on the behaviour of inlay wax, in particular its contraction and distortion, are reviewed as is the extensive literature about the casting shrinkage of gold alloys (Part 2) and the setting and thermal expansion of investments under both laboratory and practical conditions (Part 3).

Preosteoblast production 55 hours after a 12.5-day spaceflight on Cosmos 1887.

The influence of 12.5 days of spaceflight and a 55 h stressful recovery period (at 1 g) on fibroblastlike osteoblast precursor cells was assessed in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of rats that were 91 days old at launch. Nuclear morphometry was used as a marker for precursor cell differentiation in 3 microns sections cut in the midsagittal plane from the maxillary first molar.

Nuclear morphometric analysis of osteoblast precursor cells in periodontal ligament, SL-3 rats.

Five small (55 days old, 196 +/- 5 g) (mean +/- SE) and five large (83 days old, 382 +/- 4 g) Sprague-Dawley strain, specific pathogen-free rats were exposed to a 7-day spaceflight and 12-h postflight recovery period. As measured in 3-micron sections, periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblastlike cells were classified according to nuclear size: A + A' (40-79), B (80-119), C (120-169), and D (greater than or equal to 170 microns 3). Since the histogenesis sequence is A----A'----C----D----osteoblast, the relative incidence of A + A' to C + D is an osteogenic index.