Impairment of Microcirculation Parameters in Patients with a History of Diabetic Foot Ulcers.

: According to the International Working Group on Diabetic Foot (IWGDF) risk classification, the estimated risk of developing a diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is much higher in patients with a history of DFUs (Grade 3) compared to those with a peripheral neuropathy but without a history of DFUs (Grades 1 and 2). It has been suggested that microcirculation impairment is involved in DFU genesis and could be taken into account to refine the existing risk classification. The aim of this study was to evaluate microcirculation parameters in patients with diabetes according to their estimated DFU risk.

Addition and Oxidation Reactivity of a Pentacoordinate Nickelacyclobutane.

Nickelacyclobutanes are reactive intermediates in catalytic cycles including cyclopropanation and insertion reactions. The stoichiometric study of these intermediates has shown that their reactivity is highly influenced by the coordination environment of the nickel center. A pentacoordinated nickelacyclobutane embedded in a diphosphine pincer ligand has been shown to selectively undergo various reactions with exogenous ligands, including [2+2] cycloreversion and carbene transfer to an isocyanide.

Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop Algorithm Use in Type 1 Diabetes: The French MiniMed™ Glycemic Control and Quality of Life Study.

Introduction: The MiniMed™ 780G system uses an advanced hybrid closed loop algorithm to improve outcomes in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The MiniMed™ 780G Glycemic Control and Quality of Life (EQOL) study aimed to provide routine clinical practice data on system effectiveness and associated patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in France.

Methods: Individuals aged ≥ 7 years with T1D were enrolled.

Mobile Element Insertion in the APOB Exon 3 Coding Sequence: A New Challenge in Hypobetalipoproteinemia Diagnosis.

Mobile elements (ME) can transpose by copy-and-paste mechanisms. A heterozygous insertion in APOB exon 3 coding sequence was suspected in a patient with hypobetalipoproteinemia (HBL), by gel electrophoresis of the PCR products. An insertion of a 85 bp fragment flanked by a polyA stretch and a target replication site duplication was identified as a ME insertion (MEI) from the AluYa5 subfamily, NM_000384.

Generative machine learning produces kinetic models that accurately characterize intracellular metabolic states.

Generating large omics datasets has become routine for gaining insights into cellular processes, yet deciphering these datasets to determine metabolic states remains challenging. Kinetic models can help integrate omics data by explicitly linking metabolite concentrations, metabolic fluxes and enzyme levels. Nevertheless, determining the kinetic parameters that underlie cellular physiology poses notable obstacles to the widespread use of these mathematical representations of metabolism.

Transcriptomic Analysis During Olive Fruit Development and Expression Profiling of Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes.

The olive fruit is a drupe whose development and ripening takes several months from flowering to full maturation. During this period, several biochemical and physiological changes occur that affect the skin color, texture, composition, and size of the mesocarp. The final result is a fruit rich in fatty acids, phenolic compounds, tocopherols, pigments, sterols, terpenoids, and other compounds of nutritional interest.

Carbene transfer reactivity from a nickelacyclobutane.

A formal carbene-transfer reaction from an isolated nickelacyclobutane to an isocyanide to form a ketenimine is reported. DFT calculations support a stepwise 1,1-insertion/fragmentation pathway without a carbene intermediate. This unusual reactivity suggests a potential new role as "carbene reservoir" for nickelacyclobutanes, which are typically seen as intermediates in catalytic cyclopropanation.

Synthesis, Reactivity, and Bonding Analysis of a Tetracoordinated Nickel Carbene.

Nickel carbenes are key reactive intermediates in the catalytic cyclopropanation of olefins and other reactions, but isolated examples are scarce and generally rely on low coordination numbers (≤3) to stabilize the metal-ligand multiple bond. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a stable tetracoordinated nickel carbene bearing a triphosphine pincer ligand. Its nucleophilic character is evidenced by reaction with acids, and it can transfer the carbene fragment to CO to form a ketene.

Algorithms for Autonomous Formation of Multicellular Shapes from Single Cells.

Multicellular organisms originate from a single cell, ultimately giving rise to mature organisms of heterogeneous cell type composition in complex structures. Recent work in the areas of stem cell biology and tissue engineering has laid major groundwork in the ability to convert certain types of cells into other types, but there has been limited progress in the ability to control the morphology of cellular masses as they grow. Contemporary approaches to this problem have included the use of artificial scaffolds, 3D bioprinting, and complex media formulations; however, there are no existing approaches to controlling this process purely through genetics and from a single-cell starting point.

Coordination of a Phosphine-Tethered Aminoborane to Group 10 Metals.

While π-complexes of C=C bonds are ubiquitous in organometallic chemistry, analogous complexes of the isoelectronic but strongly polarized B=N double bond of aminoboranes are extremely scarce. To address this gap, a diphosphine-aminoborane ligand (DPBA) is introduced and its coordination with group 10 metals is investigated. The B=N bond does not coordinate to the metal in Pt(0) and Pd(II) complexes.

Reactivity of Nickel Complexes Bearing P(C=X)P Ligands (X = O, N) Toward Diazoalkanes: Evidence for Phosphorus Ylide Intermediates.

Nickel carbenes are attracting attention for the development of more sustainable catalysts, among others, for cyclopropanation. Intramolecular trapping of a nickel carbene intermediate with an olefin incorporated in a P(C=C)P Ni pincer complex had previously allowed the isolation of a nickelacyclobutane intermediate and a detailed characterization of its reactivity. Herein, we report the reactivity of related nickel pincer complexes bearing a ketone P(C=O)P or an imine P(C=N)P with diazoalkanes as the carbene precursor.

RNA Polymerases IV and V Are Involved in Olive Fruit Development.

Transcription is carried out in most eukaryotes by three multimeric complexes (RNA polymerases I, II and III). However, plants contain two additional RNA polymerases (IV and V), which have evolved from RNA polymerase II. RNA polymerases II, IV and V contain both common and specific subunits that may specialise some of their functions.

Polar X-H Bond (X=O, S, N) Activation at a Cage Silanide.

Low-valent silicon compounds such as neutral silylenes display versatile reactivity for the activation of small molecules. In contrast, their anionic congeners silanides ([R Si ]) have primarily been investigated for their nucleophilic reactivity. Here we show that incorporating a silanide center in a bicyclic cage structure allows for formal oxidative addition of polar element-hydrogen bonds (RX-H, R=aromatic residue, X=O, S, NH).

Reactions of Nickel(0)-Olefin Pincer Complexes with Terminal Alkynes: Cooperative C-H Bond Activation and Alkyne Coupling.

Metal-ligand cooperation can facilitate the activation of chemical bonds, opening reaction pathways of interest for catalyst development. In this context, olefins occupying the central position of a diphosphine pincer ligand (PC=CP) are emerging as reversible H atom acceptors, e.g.

Cooperative H activation at a nickel(0)-olefin centre.

Catalytic olefin hydrogenation is ubiquitous in organic synthesis. In most proposed homogeneous catalytic cycles, reactive M-H bonds are generated either by oxidative addition of H to a metal centre or by deprotonation of a non-classical metal dihydrogen (M-H) intermediate. Here we provide evidence for an alternative H-activation mechanism that instead involves direct ligand-to-ligand hydrogen transfer (LLHT) from a metal-bound H molecule to a metal-coordinated olefin.

Long distance laser filamentation using Yb:YAG kHz laser.

In the framework of the Laser Lightning Rod project, whose aim is to show that laser-induced filaments can guide lightning discharges over considerable distances, we study over a distance of 140 m the filaments created by a laser system with J-range pulses of 1 ps duration at 1 kHz repetition rate. We investigate the spatial evolution of the multiple filamentation regime using the fundamental beam at 1030 nm or using combination with the second and third harmonics. The measurements were made using both a collimated beam and a loosely focused beam.

Interplay of self, epiphany, and positive actions in shaping individual careers.

In this work, we model an individual social career by a finite-size trajectory along a hexagonal lattice moving only forward. At each bifurcation, the individual makes a free-will choice to follow one or the other branch within an uncertain outcome. Considering that those choices are determined by an individual self built from endogenous characteristics, we assume they are random following a binomial distribution.

The nonsynaptic plasticity in Parkinson's disease: Insights from an animal model.

Background: The 6-OHDA nigro-striatal lesion model has already been related to disorders in the excitability and synchronicity of neural networks and variation in the expression of transmembrane proteins that control intra and extracellular ionic concentrations, such as cation-chloride cotransporters (NKCC1 and KCC2) and Na+/K+-ATPase and, also, to the glial proliferation after injury. All these non-synaptic mechanisms have already been related to neuronal injury and hyper-synchronism processes.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to verify whether mechanisms not directly related to synaptic neurotransmission could be involved in the modulation of nigrostriatal pathways.

Laser-guided lightning.

Lightning discharges between charged clouds and the Earth's surface are responsible for considerable damages and casualties. It is therefore important to develop better protection methods in addition to the traditional Franklin rod. Here we present the first demonstration that laser-induced filaments-formed in the sky by short and intense laser pulses-can guide lightning discharges over considerable distances.

The amygdala lesioning due to status epilepticus - Changes in mechanisms controlling chloride homeostasis.

Objective: Amygdala has been demonstrated as one of the brain sites involved in the control of cardiorespiratory functioning. The structural and physiological alterations induced by epileptic activity are also present in the amygdala and reflect functional changes that may be directly associated with a sudden unexpected death. Seizures are always associated with neuronal damage and changes in the expression of cation-chloride cotransporters and Na/K pumps.