The Safety and Efficacy of New DIVA Inactivated Vaccines Against Lumpy Skin Disease in Calves.

Lumpy skin disease virus ( family- genus) is the aetiological agent of LSD, a disease primarily transmitted by hematophagous biting, affecting principally cattle. Currently, only live attenuated vaccines are commercially available, but their use is limited to endemic areas. There is a need for safer vaccines, especially in LSD-free countries.

Quantitative IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 membrane protein in infected individuals strongly correlates with lung injury.

The clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection may range from asymptomatic or minor conditions to severe and life-threatening outcomes. The respiratory system is a principal target of the virus and in the majority of cases of severe disease, an acute form of pneumonia develops. Despite concerted global efforts to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19, the progression of the infection leading to pulmonary damage remains poorly understood.

Quantification of Phthalate Esters in Carbonated Soft Drinks by Hollow Fiber-Microporous Membrane Liquid-Liquid Extraction and 96-Well Plate System Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on Fatty Acids.

This study introduces a green approach to sample preparation by applying natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) to determine phthalates in carbonated soft drinks using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The method employs hollow fiber-microporous membrane liquid-liquid microextraction combined with a 96-well plate system, utilizing fatty-acid-based DES in the pores of the membranes. This methodology substantially reduces the use of organic solvents, and its efficiency is comparable to or better than conventional methods.

Oncogenic PIK3CA corrupts growth factor signaling specificity.

Technical limitations have prevented understanding of how growth factor signals are encoded in distinct activity patterns of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway, and how this is altered by oncogenic pathway mutations. We introduce a kinetic, single-cell framework for precise calculations of PI3K-specific information transfer for different growth factors. This features live-cell imaging of PI3K/AKT activity reporters and multiplexed CyTOF measurements of PI3K/AKT and RAS/ERK signaling markers over time.

Early downmodulation of tumor glycolysis predicts response to fasting-mimicking diet in triple-negative breast cancer patients.

In preclinical experiments, cyclic fasting-mimicking diets (FMDs) showed broad anticancer effects in combination with chemotherapy. Among different tumor types, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is exquisitely sensitive to FMD. However, the antitumor activity and efficacy of cyclic FMD in TNBC patients remain unclear.

Metformin Treatment With or Without Mediterranean Diet for the Prevention of Age-Related Diseases in People With Metabolic Syndrome: The MeMeMe Randomized Trial.

Objective: The Metformin and Dietary Restriction to Prevent Age-Related Morbid Events in People With Metabolic Syndrome (MeMeMe) trial tested whether 1,700 mg/day metformin (MET) with or without a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) intervention could reduce the cumulative incidence of major noncommunicable diseases in people with metabolic syndrome.

Research Design And Methods: A total of 1,442 participants were randomly assigned to one of four interventions: 1) MET (1,700 mg/day) plus MedDiet intervention (MET+MedDiet); 2) placebo plus MedDiet intervention; 3) MET (1,700 mg/day) alone; and 4) placebo alone. Participants were followed up for 3 years on average.

Origin and evolution of West Nile virus lineage 1 in Italy.

West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that can infect humans, equids, and many bird species, posing a threat to their health. It consists of eight lineages, with Lineage 1 (L1) and Lineage 2 (L2) being the most prevalent and pathogenic. Italy is one of the hardest-hit European nations, with 330 neurological cases and 37 fatalities in humans in the 2021-2022 season, in which the L1 re-emerged after several years of low circulation.

Autochthonous dengue outbreak in Marche Region, Central Italy, August to October 2024.

Between August and 28 October 2024, 199 autochthonous cases of dengue virus serotype 2 were notified in the city of Fano, central Italy. We describe the ongoing epidemiological and microbiological investigation and public health measures implemented to contain the outbreak. The high transmissibility and the extension of the outbreak suggest that dengue should be expected in temperate regions during favourable seasons, highlighting the need for heightened awareness among healthcare providers and the public to ensure timely detection and response.

Evaluating the representativeness of a cohort study of low back pain: Using electronic health record data to make direct comparisons of study participants with non-participants from the study population.

Representativeness is an important component of generalizability. Few studies have rigorously examined the representativeness of randomized trials or observational studies of pain or musculoskeletal conditions with regards to a wide range of factors beyond age, sex, race, and ethnicity. We conducted the first study of a pain condition that uses individual-level data to directly compare the enrolled study sample to the population from which it was drawn.

Erosion of the temporal bone by vestibular schwannoma: morphometrics and predictive modeling.

Purpose: To perform a comprehensive morphometric analysis of vestibular schwannomas (VS) using multimodal imaging, focusing on the relationship between tumor characteristics and internal acoustic canal (IAC) changes.

Methods: We analyzed a cohort of patients undergoing radiosurgery for VS, utilizing high-definition MRI and bone CT for detailed anatomical assessment. Image co-registration and fusion techniques were employed to examine VS and IAC dimensions.

Evaluation of a novel blood collection set for venipuncture in oncology patients with difficult venous access: Impact on sample quality, phlebotomist satisfaction and patient pain perception.

Purpose: Difficult venous access (DVA), characterized by non-visible and non-palpable veins, is common in oncology patients. The objectives of this study were to compare the performances of two blood collection sets in an oncology phlebotomy setting: BD Vacutainer® UltraTouch™ Push Button (UT-PBBCS) and BD Vacutainer® Safety-Lok™ Blood Collection Set (SLBCS). The two sets were evaluated to assess whether use of a smaller gauge (G) needle (down-gauging) may reduce patient pain and improve peripheral venous access experience during phlebotomy in oncology patients.

Verifying the feasibility of wastewater-based epidemiological monitoring for the small catchment and sewage networks with significant pretreatment.

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has emerged as a valuable tool for COVID-19 monitoring, especially as the frequency of clinical testing diminishes. Beyond COronaVIrus Disease 19 (COVID-19), the tool's versatility extends to addressing various public health concerns, including antibiotic resistance and drug consumption. However, the complexity of sewage systems introduces noise when measuring chemical tracer concentrations, potentially compromising their applicability for modeling.

Physical activity and exercise health benefits: cancer prevention, interception, and survival.

Physical activity (PA) has an established role in the promotion of health and fitness and the prevention of disease. Expected overall benefits include reduction of all-cause morbidity and death, weight control, improved quality of life, improved bone health and decreased falls of elderly subjects, , deeper cognition, and reduced risk of depression, anxiety, and sleeplessness. Currently, PA is a mainstay in the management of cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and bone health.

Susceptibility of Mediterranean Buffalo () following Experimental Infection with Lumpy Skin Disease Virus.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease of cattle and water buffalo characterized by cutaneous nodules, biphasic fever, and lymphadenitis. LSD is endemic in Africa and the Middle East but has spread to different Asian countries in recent years. The disease is well characterized in cattle while little is known about the disease in buffaloes in which no experimental studies have been conducted.

Modulation of faecal miRNAs highlights the preventive effects of a Mediterranean low-inflammatory dietary intervention.

Background: Dietary interventions have been proposed as therapeutic approaches for several diseases, including cancer. A low-inflammatory Mediterranean dietary intervention, conducted as a pilot study in subjects with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), reduced markers of local and systemic inflammation. We aim to determine whether this diet may modulate faecal microRNA (miRNA) and gene expression in the gut.

Heightened interoception in adults with fibromyalgia.

Previous research suggests that the processing of internal body sensations (interoception) affects how we experience pain. Some evidence suggests that people with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) - a condition characterised by chronic pain and fatigue - may have altered interoceptive processing. However, extant findings are inconclusive, and some tasks previously used to measure interoception are of questionable validity.

Routine perioperative blood tests predict survival of resectable lung cancer.

There is growing evidence that inflammatory, immunologic, and metabolic status is associated with cancer patients survival. Here, we built a simple algorithm to predict lung cancer outcome. Perioperative routine blood tests (RBT) of a cohort of patients with resectable primary lung cancer (LC) were analysed.

Feasibility of using intermittent active monitoring of vital signs by smartphone users to predict SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity.

Early detection of highly infectious respiratory diseases, such as COVID-19, can help curb their transmission. Consequently, there is demand for easy-to-use population-based screening tools, such as mobile health applications. Here, we describe a proof-of-concept development of a machine learning classifier for the prediction of a symptomatic respiratory disease, such as COVID-19, using smartphone-collected vital sign measurements.

Post intensive care syndrome in survivors of COVID-19 who required mechanical ventilation during the third wave of the pandemic: A prospective study.

Background: Post intensive care syndrome is defined as the presence of any impairment affecting the physical, psychiatric, or cognitive domains as a result of critical illnesses.

Objectives: To explore functional, cognitive and psychological outcomes at 30 days post hospital discharge among survivors of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome, who required mechanical ventilation.

Methods: Prospective cohort study.

Combining machine learning with Cox models to identify predictors for incident post-menopausal breast cancer in the UK Biobank.

We aimed to identify potential novel predictors for breast cancer among post-menopausal women, with pre-specified interest in the role of polygenic risk scores (PRS) for risk prediction. We utilised an analysis pipeline where machine learning was used for feature selection, prior to risk prediction by classical statistical models. An "extreme gradient boosting" (XGBoost) machine with Shapley feature-importance measures were used for feature selection among [Formula: see text] 1.

A small-molecule PI3Kα activator for cardioprotection and neuroregeneration.

Harnessing the potential beneficial effects of kinase signalling through the generation of direct kinase activators remains an underexplored area of drug development. This also applies to the PI3K signalling pathway, which has been extensively targeted by inhibitors for conditions with PI3K overactivation, such as cancer and immune dysregulation. Here we report the discovery of UCL-TRO-1938 (referred to as 1938 hereon), a small-molecule activator of the PI3Kα isoform, a crucial effector of growth factor signalling.

Uncertainties in the Analysis of Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is an important metric with a variety of applications in clinical situations such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and mental health. HRV data can be potentially obtained from electrocardiography and photoplethysmography signals, then computational techniques such as signal filtering and data segmentation are used to process the sampled data for calculating HRV measures. However, uncertainties arising from data acquisition, computational models, and physiological factors can lead to degraded signal quality and affect HRV analysis.