Rapid and accurate testing for urinary tract infection: new clothes for the emperor.

SUMMARYUrinary tract infection (UTI) is among the most common infections in clinical practice. In some cases, if left untreated, it can lead to pyelonephritis and urosepsis. In other cases, UTI resolves without treatment.

Assessing the Performance of Models from the 2022 RSNA Cervical Spine Fracture Detection Competition at a Level I Trauma Center.

Purpose To evaluate the performance of the top models from the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge on a clinical test dataset of both noncontrast and contrast-enhanced CT scans acquired at a level I trauma center. Materials and Methods Seven top-performing models in the RSNA 2022 Cervical Spine Fracture Detection challenge were retrospectively evaluated on a clinical test set of 1828 CT scans (from 1829 series: 130 positive for fracture, 1699 negative for fracture; 1308 noncontrast, 521 contrast enhanced) from 1779 patients (mean age, 55.8 years ± 22.

The genome of the colonial hydroid reveals that their stem cells use a toolkit of evolutionarily shared genes with all animals.

is a colonial marine hydroid that shows remarkable biological properties, including the capacity to regenerate its entire body throughout its lifetime, a process made possible by its adult migratory stem cells, known as i-cells. Here, we provide an in-depth characterization of the genomic structure and gene content of two species, and , placing them in a comparative evolutionary framework with other cnidarian genomes. We also generated and annotated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas for adult male and identified cell-type markers for all major cell types, including key i-cell markers.

An AI-generated proteome-scale dataset of predicted protein structures for the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi.

This Dataset Brief describes the computational prediction of protein structures for the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi. Here, we report the proteome-scale generation of 15,333 protein structure predictions using AlphaFold, as well as an updated implementation of publicly available search, manipulation, and visualization tools for these protein structure predictions through the Mnemiopsis Genome Project Portal (https://research.nhgri.

Vision Transformer-based Decision Support for Neurosurgical Intervention in Acute Traumatic Brain Injury: Automated Surgical Intervention Support Tool.

Purpose To develop an automated triage tool to predict neurosurgical intervention for patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Materials and Methods A provincial trauma registry was reviewed to retrospectively identify patients with TBI from 2005 to 2022 treated at a specialized Canadian trauma center. Model training, validation, and testing were performed using head CT scans with binary reference standard patient-level labels corresponding to whether the patient received neurosurgical intervention.

Machine Learning Detection and Characterization of Splenic Injuries on Abdominal Computed Tomography.

Background: Multi-detector contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) allows for the accurate detection and classification of traumatic splenic injuries, leading to improved patient management. Their effective use requires rapid study interpretation, which can be a challenge on busy emergency radiology services. A machine learning system has the potential to automate the process, potentially leading to a faster clinical response.

Spatial and temporal control of lysis by the lambda holin.

The infection cycle of phage λ terminates in lysis mediated by three types of lysis proteins, each disrupting a layer in the bacterial envelope: the S105 holin, the R endolysin, and the Rz/Rz1 spanin complex targeting the inner membrane, cell wall or peptidoglycan, and the outer membrane, respectively. Video microscopy has shown that in most infections, lysis occurs as a sudden, explosive event at a cell pole, such that the initial product is a less refractile ghost that retains rod-shaped morphology. Here, we investigate the molecular basis of polar lysis using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy.

The genome of the colonial hydroid reveals their stem cells utilize a toolkit of evolutionarily shared genes with all animals.

is a colonial marine hydroid that exhibits remarkable biological properties, including the capacity to regenerate its entire body throughout its lifetime, a process made possible by its adult migratory stem cells, known as i-cells. Here, we provide an in-depth characterization of the genomic structure and gene content of two species, and , placing them in a comparative evolutionary framework with other cnidarian genomes. We also generated and annotated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas for adult male and identified cell type markers for all major cell types, including key i-cell markers.

Machine Learning Classification of Body Part, Imaging Axis, and Intravenous Contrast Enhancement on CT Imaging.

The development and evaluation of machine learning models that automatically identify the body part(s) imaged, axis of imaging, and the presence of intravenous contrast material of a CT series of images. This retrospective study included 6955 series from 1198 studies (501 female, 697 males, mean age 56.5 years) obtained between January 2010 and September 2021.

Augmentation of the RSNA Pulmonary Embolism CT Dataset with Bounding Box Annotations and Anatomic Localization of Pulmonary Emboli.

. CT, Pulmonary Arteries, Embolism/Thrombosis, Feature Detection © RSNA, 2023.

Understanding Ballistic Injuries.

Understanding the pathophysiology of a disease allows physicians to make a diagnosis, alter its natural course, and develop and implement appropriate preventative and management strategies. With ballistic injuries, an understanding of how the mechanism of injury translates to the injuries observed makes it possible to make sense of what can, at times be a complex imaging appearance and mitigate against the long-term complications of gunshot wounds. In this article, the authors describe the different types of ballistic projectiles, their mechanism of injury as well as the injury patterns they cause.

Impact of atrial fibrillation on the risk of major adverse cardiac events following coronary revascularisation.

Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains a highly prevalent arrhythmia with significant burden on morbidity and mortality. The impact of AF in the revascularised population remains incompletely described. Given the high prevalence of AF in the revascularised population, we sought to evaluate the incidence and prognosis in patients with pre-existing and new-onset AF following revascularisation.

Student Perspectives on Implementing Stop the Bleed Training into Medical School Curriculum.

Background: Following the Hartford Consensus guidelines and recommendations, third-year medical students from a single institution were offered an optional Stop the Bleed (STB) training course in August 2018. The aim of this study was to assess medical students' confidence in performing bleeding control techniques and teaching others after completing the STB course. The secondary goal was to assess student perception on integrating mandatory STB training into the medical school curriculum.

Measurement-based care training curriculum in psychiatry residency programs: I: Description of the curriculum and demonstration of implementation.

Background: Recent literature shows that most practicing psychiatrists do not receive training in measurement-based care (MBC). Among the primary barriers to MBC implementation are the lack of formal training and curriculums. We present the first comprehensive MBC curriculum for use in adult psychiatric practice, and describe how the curriculum is adapted and implemented in psychiatry residency training programs.

Phage-encoded cationic antimicrobial peptide required for lysis.

Most phages of Gram-negative hosts encode spanins for disruption of the outer membrane, the last step in host lysis. However, bioinformatic analysis indicates that ∼15% of these phages lack a spanin gene, suggesting they have an alternate way of disrupting the OM. Here, we show that the T7-like coliphage phiKT causes the explosive cell lysis associated with spanin activity despite not encoding spanins.

AniProtDB: A Collection of Consistently Generated Metazoan Proteomes for Comparative Genomics Studies.

To address the void in the availability of high-quality proteomic data traversing the animal tree, we have implemented a pipeline for generating de novo assemblies based on publicly available data from the NCBI Sequence Read Archive, yielding a comprehensive collection of proteomes from 100 species spanning 21 animal phyla. We have also created the Animal Proteome Database (AniProtDB), a resource providing open access to this collection of high-quality metazoan proteomes, along with information on predicted proteins and protein domains for each taxonomic classification and the ability to perform sequence similarity searches against all proteomes generated using this pipeline. This solution vastly increases the utility of these data by removing the barrier to access for research groups who do not have the expertise or resources to generate these data themselves and enables the use of data from nontraditional research organisms that have the potential to address key questions in biomedicine.

Compassion Inequities and Opioid Use Disorder: A Matched Case-Control Analysis Examining Inpatient Management of Cancer-Related Pain for Patients With Opioid Use Disorder.

Context: The opioid epidemic spurred guidelines intended to reduce inappropriate prescribing. Although acute cancer-related pain was excluded from these recommendations, studies demonstrate reduced opioid prescribing for patients hospitalized with advanced cancer.

Objectives: We performed a matched case-control analysis to determine how a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) affects inpatient management of cancer pain.

Complete Genome Sequence of Phage Sentinel.

The genus produces over two-thirds of clinically useful, natural antibiotics. Here, we describe the isolation and genome annotation of siphophage Sentinel, which utilizes sp. strain Mg1 as a host.

Performance of Plasma Adenosine as a Biomarker for Predicting Cardiovascular Risk.

Adenosine boasts promising preclinical and clinical data supporting a vital role in modulating vascular homeostasis. Its widespread use as a diagnostic and therapeutic agent have been limited by its short half-life and complex biology, though adenosine-modulators have shown promise in improving vascular healing. Moreover, circulating adenosine has shown promise in predicting cardiovascular (CV) events.

Physician prediction of 1-year mortality in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: comparison to a validated risk score.

Background: Physician perception of procedural risk and clinical outcome can affect revascularization decision making. Public reporting of percutaneous coronary intervention outcomes accentuates the need for accuracy in risk prediction in order to avoid a treatment paradox of undertreating the highest risk patients. Our study compares a validated risk score to physician prediction (PP) of 1-year mortality based on clinical impression at the time of invasive angiography.