A new clinical severity score for the management of acute small bowel obstruction in predicting bowel ischemia: a cohort study.

Background: Small bowel obstruction (SBO) is a common hospital admission diagnosis. Identification of patients who will require a surgical resection because of a nonviable small bowel remains a challenge. Through a prospective cohort study, the authors aimed to validate risk factors and scores for intestinal resection, and to develop a practical clinical score designed to guide surgical versus conservative management.

Bringing nature into private urban housing: Environmental, social and food connections for urban resilience.

Ongoing confinement for millions of urban citizens due to the Covid-19 pandemic has raised ecological consciousness, changed food habits and questioned the relationship urban dwellers have with nature. There is more interest in bringing plants into urban homes and in sustainable food sources, but no research have studied the relationships between food behaviours and plant-care activities. To address this gap and explore urban citizens' nature relatedness through the greening of private areas, we conducted a national survey of French, young urban citizens (n = 1000), who are more committed to 'edible' cities than older generations but have the lowest rate of plant purchasers.

Implementation and validation of a competency assessment tool for laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Background: Achieving proficiency in a surgical procedure is a milestone in the career of a trainee. We introduced a competency assessment tool for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our residency program. Our aim was to assess the inter-rater reliability of this tool.

Mapping of etiologies of computed tomography-proven acute colitis: a prospective cohort study.

Our objective was to describe the etiologies of acute colitis and to identify patients who require diagnostic endoscopy. Patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal infection and colonic inflammation on CT were prospectively included. Those immunosuppressed, with history of colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), were excluded.

Development and Validation of a Predictive Model for Internal Hernia After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in a Multicentric Retrospective Cohort: The Swirl, Weight Excess Loss, Liquid Score.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and validate a prediction score for internal hernia (IH) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Summary Background Data: The clinical diagnosis of IH is challenging. A sensitivity of 63% to 92% was reported for computed tomography (CT).

Platelet Interactions with Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Hepatic Stellate Cells Lead to Hepatocyte Proliferation.

(1) Background: Platelets were postulated to constitute the trigger of liver regeneration. The aim of this study was to dissect the cellular interactions between the various liver cells involved in liver regeneration and to clarify the role of platelets. (2) Methods: Primary mouse liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were co-incubated with increasing numbers of resting platelets, activated platelets, or platelet releasates.

Ultrasound-based prediction of cephalic vein cutdown success prior to totally implantable venous access device placement.

Background: Surgical venous cutdown is a method for totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) insertion. The main drawback of this technique is its higher failure rate when compared with the percutaneous approach, which is mostly related to anatomic variations of the cephalic vein. The aim of this study was to assess preoperative ultrasound imaging as a tool to predict cephalic vein cutdown failure for TIVAD insertion.

Randomized Controlled Trial of Enhanced Recovery Program Dedicated to Elderly Patients After Colorectal Surgery.

Background: Enhanced recovery program is a multimodal, multidisciplinary-team, evidence-based care approach to reduce perioperative surgical stress, decrease morbidity and hospital stay, and improve recovery after surgery. This program may be most beneficial for elderly (≥70 y), but sparse series have investigated this question.

Objective: Feasibility and efficiency of a dedicated enhanced recovery program in the elderly as compared with standard care were studied.

Platelets and Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Liver Physiology and Disease.

Beyond their role in hemostasis, platelets are proposed as key mediators of several physiological and pathophysiological processes of the liver, such as liver regeneration, toxic or viral acute liver injury, liver fibrosis, and carcinogenesis. The effects of platelets on the liver involve interactions with sinusoidal endothelial cells and the release of platelet-contained molecules following platelet activation. Platelets are the major source of circulating extracellular vesicles, which are suggested to play key roles in platelet interactions with endothelial cells in several clinical disorders.

A comparison of the da Vinci Xi vs. the da Vinci Si Surgical System for Roux-En-Y gastric bypass.

Purpose: The da Vinci Surgical System family remains the most widely used surgical robotic system for laparoscopy. Data about gastric bypass surgery with the Xi Surgical System are not available yet. We compared Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery performed at our institution with the da Vinci Xi and the da Vinci Si Surgical System.

Microbiologic Changes Induced by Biliary Drainage Require Adapted Antibiotic Prophylaxis during Duodenopancreatectomy.

Patients with periampullary tumors frequently undergo endoscopic biliary investigations and biliary drainage (BD) prior to surgery. Recent literature shows a shift of the biliary microbiome toward more resistant bacteria in patients having BD. This study aimed to evaluate the local microbiome and changes induced by BD and related antibiotic exposure and to consider the choice of antibiotic for peri-operative prophylaxis.

Extracellular vesicles: Future diagnostic and therapeutic tools for liver disease and regeneration.

Extracellular vesicles are membrane fragments that can be produced by all cell types. Interactions between extracellular vesicles and various liver cells constitute an emerging field in hepatology and recent evidences have established a role for extracellular vesicles in various liver diseases and physiological processes. Extracellular vesicles originating from liver cells are implicated in intercellular communication and fluctuations of specific circulating extracellular vesicles could constitute new diagnostic tools.

Laparoscopic Surgery for Gastric Cancer: The European Point of View.

Objective: Multiple Asian studies have proved the feasibility of laparoscopic approach for surgical treatment of gastric cancer. The difference between Asian and European patients could limit their application in Europe. We reviewed the literature for European studies comparing open gastrectomy with laparoscopic approach in the treatment of gastric cancer.

Bazedoxifene as a novel strategy for treatment of pancreatic and gastric adenocarcinoma.

Experimental studies have shown that the IL6/GP130/STAT3 pathway is involved in pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis and progression as well as in the development of other tumors. Bazedoxifene, a selective estrogene receptor modulator clinically available for the treatment of osteoporosis, has been shown to be an effective GP130/STAT3 signaling inhibitor through in vitro and small animal studies. Our aim was to investigate the effect of bazedoxifene on tumor progression in patients with advanced pancreatic and gastric tumors.

Evaluation of donor kidneys prior to transplantation: an update of current and emerging methods.

The lack of suitable kidney donor organs has led to rising numbers of patients with end stage renal disease waiting for kidney transplantation. Despite decades of clinical experience and research, no evaluation process that can reliably predict the outcome of an organ has yet been established. This review is an overview of current methods and emerging techniques in the field of donor kidney evaluation prior to transplantation.

Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Modulates Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis in Mice in a Model-Dependent Manner.

Background: Interleukin-1 (IL-1)β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) have been proposed as important mediators during chronic liver diseases. We aimed to determine whether the modulation of IL-1β signaling with IL-1Ra impacts on liver fibrosis.

Methods: We assessed the effects of IL-1β on human hepatic stellate cells (HSC) and in mouse models of liver fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) or carbon tetrachloride treatment (CCl-4).

Systematic review and meta-analysis of thrombocytopenia as a predictor of post-hepatectomy liver failure.

Background: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether thrombocytopenia constituted a risk factor for post-hepatectomy liver failure (PHLF).

Methods: We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception until February the 17th, 2018 for studies reporting cases of PHLF in patients with and without thrombocytopenia (defined as a platelet count below 100 or 150 (G/l)) and/or platelet counts in patients with and without PHLF. Pooled odd ratios for PHLF, as well as mean difference in platelet counts between patients with and without PHLF, were obtained by random effects models.

Early Experience with Intraoperative Leak Test Using a Blend of Methylene Blue and Indocyanine Green During Robotic Gastric Bypass Surgery.

Introduction: Leak tests using air or methylene blue (MB) for gastrojejunal anastomoses are often performed during gastric bypass surgeries to avoid leaks due to technical errors. Still, early leaks have been reported in the literature. Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence with laser excitement makes this dye easily visible even in small amounts, and, thus, may be an excellent agent for leak testing.

[Gastric cancer : management and multidisciplinary treatment].

Despite a decreasing incidence, gastric cancer remains a burden. Generally discovered at an advanced stage, survival improved with progress in perioperative treatment and surgical management. Preoperative staging is essential to accurately classify the tumor and introduce the appropriate treatment.

Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Acute Diverticulitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

Background & Aims: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of colorectal cancer in patients with acute diverticulitis.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE from inception through November 2nd, 2017 for studies reporting the prevalence of colorectal cancer in patients with diverticulitis, identified based on the protocol CRD42017083272. This systematic review was conducted in accordance to the MOOSE guidelines.

Chimeric liver transplantation reveals interspecific graft remodelling.

Background & Aims: A major limitation in the field of liver transplantation is the shortage of transplantable organs. Chimeric animals carrying human tissue have the potential to solve this problem. However, currently available chimeric organs retain a high level of xenogeneic cells, and the transplantation of impure organs needs to be tested.

Feasibility, benefit and risk of systematic intraoperative cholangiogram in patients undergoing emergency cholecystectomy.

Background: The role of intraoperative cholangiogram (IOC) during cholecystectomy is debated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility, benefit and risk of performing systematic IOC in patients undergoing cholecystectomy for acute gallstone-related disease.

Methods: Between July 2013 and January 2015, all patients admitted for an acute gallstone-related condition and undergoing same-hospital-stay cholecystectomy were prospectively followed.

[Can the management and pronostic of pancreatic adenocarcinoma be improved ?].

Pancreatic cancer is the 10th leading cause of death worldwide. It is a very lethal and aggressive tumor, with a 5-year overall survival rate under 5 % for confirmed ductal adenocarcinoma. Even though many genes have been identified as possible treatment targets, surgery remains the only curative treatment.

[Appendix tumours and their management].

An appendix tumour is found every 100 appendectomies. It can also be incidental discovery during a routine radiological examination and presents as a mucocele of the appendix. Appendix tumours are of varied histological type, and include mainly neuroendocrine tumours as well as epithelial tumours.