Are your hands clean? Pollen retention on the human hand after washing.

Pollen retention on clothes, footwear, hair and body has been used to link people to localities with distinctive vegetation, or soils containing distinctive palynomorphs. Little attention has been given to human skin as a possible medium for carrying a forensically important pollen load and whether this might survive attempts to remove it. We report here the results of experiments testing the retention of pollen of 10 flowering plant species on the human skin through repeated cycles of washing and drying hands, using the WHO protocol to standardize hand-washing and drying.

[The fate of children with chronic kidney failure in the course of urinary tract abnormalities].

60 children with chronic renal failure caused by inborn urinary tract abnormalities were examined. It was detected that cysto-ureteral refluxes (65% of causes) were most frequent causes of chronic renal failure. Renal function was estimated in the time of diagnosis of the urinary tract abnormalities and after (between 6 months to 16 years).

[Evaluation of the urinary tract in children with renal agenesis].

The condition of urinary tract in 24 children with kidney agenesia was estimated. 14 out of 24 children had additionally renal abnormalities or different renal diseases. It was detected that more than 50% of patients developed chronic failure of this single kidney, but renal function of normal single kidney remains many years correct.

[Prolonged use of the femoral catheter as a temporary access for hemodialysis].

Cannulation of the femoral vein is the safest method of acute vascular access. It is recommended the removal of the femoral catheter after 72 h. The trial was undertaken, if it is possible a safe prolonged use of the femoral cannulation.

[Prevalence of chlamydia trachomatis in the epithelial cells of the urethra in children].

Tests for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis were performed in 432 children, aged 4 months to 16 years at the Department of Paediatric Nephrology of the Academy of Wrocław, Poland. The children were hospitalised because of recurrent urinary tract infection. The presence of Chlamydia trachomatis was established in 27.

[The analysis of plasma beta 2-microglobulin concentration in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis].

Plasma beta 2-microglobulin concentrations increase in long-term dialyzed patients. This rise correlates with impairment of excretion and degradation by inefficient kidneys and also with increased synthesis of this protein during standard hemodialysis. In extreme cases, in particular in patients treated by hemodialysis for a long time, when their plasma beta 2-concentration rises significantly, the protein can be deposited in tissues.

[Perception of family by children and youth with chronic renal failure].

The perception of family by children and youth with chronic renal failure treated conservatively and with haemodialyses was studied. Intrafamilial relations were subjected to analysis. It was found that with the limitations due to the disease, family is the main environment where the psychophysical needs of the child are fulfilled and it is of decisive value for the quality of life of patients.

[Concentration of selected trace elements in serum and erythrocytes of children with chronic renal failure and am attempt at deficiency correction with animal blood preparation].

The results are presented of studies in 32 children with chronic renal failure treated conservatively in whom the value was evaluated of serum Mg, Zn, and Se concentration, and erythrocyte Mg, and Zn concentration. Among the patients a group of 15 children was isolated whose diet was enriched with the animal blood preparation brown Livex containing among others the studied trace elements. Significant Zn and Mg deficiency was demonstrated in the serum and Mg deficiency in the erythrocytes of the ill children which were effectively corrected after three months of supplementation with the preparation Livex.

[Zinc level in the blood of children with nephrotic syndrome and correction of its deficiency with animal blood preparation Livex].

Serum and erythrocyte zinc levels have been assayed in in 45 children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome in both acute phase and remission. Out of these children a group of 22 has been distinguished. These patients have been treated with Livex--animal blood preparation containing amino acids and trace elements, including zinc.

[Histocompatibility antigens (HLA) in children with lipoid nephrosis].

Actual knowledge on the HLA relationship with the primary glomerulopathies, with particular reference to steroid - sensitive nephrosis of childhood, is surveyed. Occurrence of HLA B-8 and B-35 in this nephropathy has been investigated. The studies involved 47 patients aged between 3 and 15 years and 117 healthy children from Lower Silesian region.

[Psychological aspects of the treatment of children with terminal renal failure by repeated hemodialysis].

Adaptation difficulties of adolescents during treatment with repeated dialyses are discussed. Emotional status was studied in 5 such cases. In all of them long-standing mood depression was found.

[Activity of alanine aminopeptidase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase in urine of children with nephrotic syndrome].

Activity of alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), beta-glucuronidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in daily urine has been determined in 27 children with nephrotic syndrome, 14 children in remission, and 11 healthy children. It was found, that these enzymes activity is significantly increased in sick children in comparison with healthy ones. Similarly, the activity of AAP and NAG in daily urine is statistically significantly higher in children with remission, than that in healthy children.

[Abnormalities of the genito-urinary tract in children--types, symptoms, treatment and prognosis].

Six hundred forty seven children with genito-urinary tract abnormalities selected from the group of 1,423 children with urinary infections have been analysed. Prevailing contribution of the genito-urinary tract abnormalities to the development of chronic renal failure has been emphasized. It has been shown, that diagnostic problems and delayed treatment are most frequently due to non-characteristic and oligosymptomatic course of the disease.

[Superimposition of IgA nephropathy upon membranous glomerulonephritis in a 13-month-old boy].

A rare is reported of superimposition of IgA nephropathy upon membranaceous glomerulonephritis in a boy aged 13 months with fatal outcome. Attention is called to unresponsiveness of the disease to the trials of treatment, high dynamics of inflammatory changes and rapidly progressing impairment of renal function.

[Treatment of anemia with animal blood preparation "Livex" in children with pyelonephritis].

The results are presented of anaemia treatment during pyelonephritis in 20 children with the preparation obtained from animal blood livex. The preparation was administered for eight weeks. After the treatment of a statistically significant rise was observed of haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration.

[Polycystic renal disease in infants].

In the light of the observation of 4 infants with polycystic renal disease the clinical manifestation, diagnosis (with stress laid on USG) and therapeutic management are discussed. Attention is called to the possibility of adult-type polycystic renal disease in neonatal period and infancy. This type of nephropathy is supposed by the authors to be in 2 living children.

[Acute renal failure in neonates and infants].

Causes, course and prognosis in 90 cases of the acute renal failure in neonates and infants have been discussed. All cases were treated between 1971 and 1985. Recently, an increase in the incidence of the acute renal failure is being noted.