CKD and Pregnancy Outcomes in Africa: A Narrative Review.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes and is reported to affect up to 3% of women of reproductive age in high-income countries, but estimated prevalence may be as much as 50% higher in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). All pregnancy complications occur much more frequently in women in LMICs compared with those in high-income countries. Given the anticipated high prevalence of CKD in women of reproductive age and high rates of maternal and fetal adverse events in Africa, we sought to explore the association between CKD and pregnancy outcomes in this setting through a narrative review of the literature.