Sex estimation from patellar measurements in a contemporary Italian population: a machine learning approach.

Biological sex estimation in forensic anthropology is a crucial topic, and the patella has shown promise in this regard due to its sexual dimorphism. This study uses 12 machine learning models for sex estimation based on three patellar measurements (maximum height, breadth, and thickness). Data was collected from 180 skeletons of a contemporary Italian population (83 males and 97 females) as well as from an independent sample of 21 forensic cases (13 males and 8 females).

Machine Learning Prediction Model to Predict Length of Stay of Patients Undergoing Hip or Knee Arthroplasties: Results from a High-Volume Single-Center Multivariate Analysis.

The growth of arthroplasty procedures requires innovative strategies to reduce inpatients' hospital length of stay (LOS). This study aims to develop a machine learning prediction model that may aid in predicting LOS after hip or knee arthroplasties. A collection of all the clinical notes of patients who underwent elective primary or revision arthroplasty from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 was performed.

Unveiling the female experience through adult mortality and survivorship in Milan over the last 2000 years.

This study challenges historical paradigms using a large-scale integrated bioarchaeological approach, focusing on the female experience over the last 2,000 years in Milan, Italy. Specifically, 492 skeletons from the osteological collection of Milan were used to elucidate female survivorship and mortality by integrating bioarchaeological and paleopathological data, paleoepidemiological analyses, and historical contextualization. Findings revealed changes in female longevity, with a notable increase from Roman to contemporary eras, albeit plateauing in the Middle Ages/modern period.

MOSAIC: An Artificial Intelligence-Based Framework for Multimodal Analysis, Classification, and Personalized Prognostic Assessment in Rare Cancers.

Purpose: Rare cancers constitute over 20% of human neoplasms, often affecting patients with unmet medical needs. The development of effective classification and prognostication systems is crucial to improve the decision-making process and drive innovative treatment strategies. We have created and implemented MOSAIC, an artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework designed for multimodal analysis, classification, and personalized prognostic assessment in rare cancers.

Plant Iron Research in African Countries: Current "Hot Spots", Approaches, and Potentialities.

Plant iron (Fe) nutrition and metabolism is a fascinating and challenging research topic; understanding the role of Fe in the life cycle of plants requires knowledge of Fe chemistry and biochemistry and their impact during development. Plant Fe nutritional status is dependent on several factors, including the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments, and influences crop yield and the nutritional quality of edible parts. The relevance of plant Fe research will further increase globally, particularly for Africa, which is expected to reach 2.

Restricted O consumption in pea roots induced by hexanoic acid is linked to depletion of Krebs cycle substrates.

Plant roots are exposed to hypoxia in waterlogged soils, and they are further challenged by specific phytotoxins produced by microorganisms in such conditions. One such toxin is hexanoic acid (HxA), which, at toxic levels, causes a strong decline in root O consumption. However, the mechanism underlying this process is still unknown.

Early Foliar Proteome Response to Root Exposure to the Rhizobacterium WCS417.

WCS417 is a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium that improves plant health and development. In this study, we investigate the early leaf responses of to WCS417 exposure and the possible involvement of formate dehydrogenase (FDH) in such responses. In vitro-grown seedlings expressing an FDH::GUS reporter show a significant increase in FDH promoter activity in their roots and shoots after 7 days of indirect exposure (without contact) to WCS417.

Connecting the use of innovative treatments and glucocorticoids with the multidisciplinary evaluation through rule-based natural-language processing: a real-world study on patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and psoriasis.

Background: The impact of a multidisciplinary management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and psoriasis on systemic glucocorticoids or innovative treatments remains unknown. Rule-based natural language processing and text extraction help to manage large datasets of unstructured information and provide insights into the profile of treatment choices.

Methods: We obtained structured information from text data of outpatient visits between 2017 and 2022 using regular expressions (RegEx) to define elastic search patterns and to consider only affirmative citation of diseases or prescribed therapy by detecting negations.

A virtual biopsy of liver parenchyma to predict the outcome of liver resection.

The preoperative risk assessment of liver resections (LR) is still an open issue. Liver parenchyma characteristics influence the outcome but cannot be adequately evaluated in the preoperative setting. The present study aims to elucidate the contribution of the radiomic analysis of non-tumoral parenchyma to the prediction of complications after elective LR.

Two florigens and a florigen-like protein form a triple regulatory module at the shoot apical meristem to promote reproductive transitions in rice.

Many plant species monitor and respond to changes in day length (photoperiod) for aligning reproduction with a favourable season. Day length is measured in leaves and, when appropriate, leads to the production of floral stimuli called florigens that are transmitted to the shoot apical meristem to initiate inflorescence development. Rice possesses two florigens encoded by HEADING DATE 3a (Hd3a) and RICE FLOWERING LOCUS T 1 (RFT1).

The Arabidopsis thaliana Gulono-1,4 γ-lactone oxidase 2 (GULLO2) facilitates iron transport from endosperm into developing embryos and affects seed coat suberization.

Plants synthesize ascorbate (ASC) via the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway whereas animals produce ASC and HOvia the UDP-glucose pathway, with Gulono-1,4 γ-lactone oxidases (GULLO) as the last step. A. thaliana has seven isoforms, GULLO1-7; previous in silico analysis suggested that GULLO2, mostly expressed in developing seeds, might be involved in iron (Fe) nutrition.

Artificial intelligence processing electronic health records to identify commonalities and comorbidities cluster at Immuno Center Humanitas.

Background: Comorbidities are common in chronic inflammatory conditions, requiring multidisciplinary treatment approach. Understanding the link between a single disease and its comorbidities is important for appropriate treatment and management. We evaluate the ability of an NLP-based process for knowledge discovery to detect information about pathologies, patients' phenotype, doctors' prescriptions and commonalities in electronic medical records, by extracting information from free narrative text written by clinicians during medical visits, resulting in the extraction of valuable information and enriching real world evidence data from a multidisciplinary setting.

An individualized algorithm to predict mortality in COVID-19 pneumonia: a machine learning based study.

Introduction: Identifying SARS-CoV-2 patients at higher risk of mortality is crucial in the management of a pandemic. Artificial intelligence techniques allow one to analyze large amounts of data to find hidden patterns. We aimed to develop and validate a mortality score at admission for COVID-19 based on high-level machine learning.

Plant iron nutrition: the long road from soil to seeds.

Iron (Fe) is an essential plant micronutrient since many cellular processes including photosynthesis, respiration, and the scavenging of reactive oxygen species depend on adequate Fe levels; however, non-complexed Fe ions can be dangerous for cells, as they can act as pro-oxidants. Hence, plants possess a complex homeostatic control system for safely taking up Fe from the soil and transporting it to its various cellular destinations, and for its subcellular compartmentalization. At the end of the plant's life cycle, maturing seeds are loaded with the required amount of Fe needed for germination and early seedling establishment.

Cleaning the Microarray Database to Improve Gene Function Analysis.

Transcriptomics studies have been facilitated by the development of microarray and RNA-Seq technologies, with thousands of expression datasets available for many species. However, the quality of data can be highly variable, making the combined analysis of different datasets difficult and unreliable. Most of the microarray data for , the barrel medic, have been stored and made publicly accessible on the web database (MtGEA).

cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development.

This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level.

Urban emergence of Dermanyssus gallinae lineage L1 and Ornithonyssus sylviarum in Hungary: phylogenetic differentiation between the roles of migrating vs transported synanthropic birds.

Background: Among Dermanyssoidea, the chicken red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) and the northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) are considered to be the cause of high economic losses endured by the poultry industry in the Holarctic region, with O. sylviarum predominating in North America and D. gallinae in Europe.

Network Topological Analysis for the Identification of Novel Hubs in Plant Nutrition.

Network analysis is a systems biology-oriented approach based on graph theory that has been recently adopted in various fields of life sciences. Starting from mitochondrial proteomes purified from roots of plants grown under single or combined iron (Fe) and molybdenum (Mo) starvation, we reconstructed and analyzed at the topological level the protein-protein interaction (PPI) and co-expression networks. Besides formate dehydrogenase (FDH), already known to be involved in Fe and Mo nutrition, other potential mitochondrial hubs of Fe and Mo homeostasis could be identified, such as the voltage-dependent anion channel VDAC4, the beta-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase CYSC1, the aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH2B7, and the fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase.

Quantitative chest CT analysis in COVID-19 to predict the need for oxygenation support and intubation.

Objective: Lombardy (Italy) was the epicentre of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. The healthcare system suffered from a shortage of ICU beds and oxygenation support devices. In our Institution, most patients received chest CT at admission, only interpreted visually.

Anaplasmataceae closely related to Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Neorickettsia helminthoeca from birds in Central Europe, Hungary.

Increasing amount of data attest that (in the context of vector-borne infections) birds are not only important as hosts of blood-sucking arthropod vectors, but also as reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens. From 2015 to 2019 cadavers of 100 birds (from 45 species, nine orders) were collected in Hungary, and their organs were screened for DNA from a broad range of vector-borne bacteria with PCR and sequencing. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of Anaplasmataceae, and sequencing identified bacteria closely related to Neorickettsia helminthoeca and Ehrlichia chaffeensis in a Eurasian teal (Anas crecca) and a song thrush (Turdus philomelos), respectively.

The Role of Baroreflex Sensitivity in Acute Hypotensive Episodes Prediction in the Intensive Care Unit.

A life threatening condition in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is the Acute Hypotensive Episode (AHE). Patients experiencing an AHE may suffer from irreversible organ damage associated with increased mortality. Predicting the onset of AHE could be of pivotal importance to establish appropriate and timely interventions.