Phenotypic, functional, and metabolic heterogeneity of immune cells infiltrating non-small cell lung cancer.

Lung cancer is the leading cancer in the world, accounting for 1.2 million of new cases annually, being responsible for 17.8% of all cancer deaths.

The Influence of Cancer Stem Cells on the Risk of Relapse in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: Lung cancer relapse may be associated with the presence of a small population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) with unlimited proliferative potential. Our study assessed the relationship between CSCs and the relapse rate in patients harboring adenocarcinoma (ADL) and squamous cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL).

Experimental Design: This is an observational prospective cohort study (NCT04634630) assessing the influence of CSC frequency on relapse rate after major lung resection in 35 patients harboring early (I-II) (n = 21) and locally advanced (IIIA) (n = 14) ADL and SCCL.

Dissecting Tumor Growth: The Role of Cancer Stem Cells in Drug Resistance and Recurrence.

Emerging evidence suggests that a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) is responsible for initiation, progression, and metastasis cascade in tumors. CSCs share characteristics with normal stem cells, i.e.

A case of cervico-mediastinal paraganglioma mimicking an ectopic goiter.

Introduction And Importance: Mediastinal paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that originate from extra-adrenal paraganglia, occasionally secreting catecholamines. Nonfunctional mediastinal paragangliomas present nonspecific clinical and radiological features and represent a diagnostic challenge.

Case Presentation: A 53-year old woman presented with cough and dyspnea increasing over time.

The importance of medical treatment before surgery in pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung: A case series study.

Introduction And Importance: Pleomorphic carcinoma of the lung is a rare malignant epithelial tumor. Due to its rarity, its clinicopathological characteristics are not clear, and there is no defined therapeutic path for this type of tumor.

Case Presentation: We retrospectively analyzed the medical and pathological reports of 8 patients who underwent surgical resection for pleomorphic carcinoma between 2007 and 2010.

New Perspectives in Different Gene Expression Profiles for Early and Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Stem Cells.

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, causing over 1.7 million deaths in 2018. Thus far, no effective treatments against lung cancer for advanced stages have been found.

Surgical stabilization of severe flail chest with Judet and Sanchez-Lloret plates. A case report.

Introduction: Flail chest is now usually treated by conservative methods and surgical fixation remains indicated in selected cases. Different techniques can be used for fixation. The aim of this paper is to present a case in which Judet and Sanchez-Loret plates were employed and to discuss the usefulness of this traditional technique.

Cancer stem cells and macrophages: molecular connections and future perspectives against cancer.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been considered the key drivers of cancer initiation and progression due to their unlimited self-renewal capacity and their ability to induce tumor formation. Macrophages, particularly tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), establish a tumor microenvironment to protect and induce CSCs development and dissemination. Many studies in the past decade have been performed to understand the molecular mediators of CSCs and TAMs, and several studies have elucidated the complex crosstalk that occurs between these two cell types.

Use of Octreotide in association with talc poudrage for the management of a severe chylothorax: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: Chylothorax is an uncommon form of pleural effusion characterized by the presence of chylomicrons, triglycerides and cholesterol in the physical and chemical examination of the pleural fluid. It may have poor prognosis if not properly treated. Currently, conservative measures are the first line of treatment for managing chylothorax.

ALDH Expression in Angiosarcoma of the Lung: A Potential Marker of Aggressiveness?

Primary angiosarcoma of the lung is a very aggressive rare malignant disease resulting in a severe prognosis (1). This type of cancer represents about 2% of all soft tissue sarcomas and has a high rate of metastasis through the hematogenous route. For the rarity of this malignant vascular tumor it is still challenging to set a diagnosis (1).

Expression of ALDH and SOX-2 in Pulmonary Sclerosing Pnemocytoma (PSP) of the Lung: Is There a Meaning Behind?

Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma (PSP) is a rare benign pulmonary tumor that derives from primitive respiratory epithelium of the pulmonary alveolus. The etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Histopathological diagnosis focuses on cells that are positive for TTF1, EMA, cytokeratin-7, and CAM 5.

Surgery for elastofibroma dorsi: optimizing the management of a benign tumor-an analysis of 70 cases.

Background: Elastofibroma dorsi (ED) is a benign soft-tissue tumor of the chest wall located near the tip of the scapula. Clinical presentation includes swelling, pain and impairment of shoulder movements. The present literature relies only on few small case series.

Cancer Stem-Like Cells in a Case of an Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor of the Lung.

Inflammatory myofibroblast tumor (IMT) is a rare tumor with obscure etiopathogenesis in which different inflammatory cells and myofibroblastic spindle cells are seen histologically. Although the majority of these neoplasms have a benign clinical course, the malignant form has also been reported. The gold standard is surgical treatment for complete removal.

Pectus excavatum correction enhanced by pectoralis muscle transposition: A new approach.

Background: Indications for the surgical correction of pectus excavatum include functional/physiological, cosmetic, and psychosocial reasons. The most popular open technique for pectus excavatum repair was proposed by Ravitch in 1949 as an open approach that requires partial resection of the costal cartilage, xiphoid excision, and osteotomy of the sternum. The goal is to remove abnormal rib cartilage while preserving the perichondrium, allowing regrowth of the rib cartilage to the sternum in a more anatomic manner.

CD44+/EPCAM+ cells detect a subpopulation of ALDH cells in human non-small cell lung cancer: A chance for targeting cancer stem cells?

Objectives: Several studies demonstrated that aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and CD44 are the most considered cancer stem cells (CSC) markers. However, a comparison between ALDH high cells and CD44+ cells have been previously described with no significant correlation. Indeed, the aim of the present research is to identify a superficial marker able to match with ALDH high cells population in freshly isolated human lung cancer cells.

Secondary spontaneous pneumothorax and bullous lung disease in cannabis and tobacco smokers: A case-control study.

Background: The notion that smoking cannabis may damage the respiratory tract has been introduced in recent years but there is still a paucity of studies on this subject. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cannabis smoking, pneumothorax and bullous lung disease in a population of operated patients.

Methods And Findings: We performed a retrospective study on patients operated on for spontaneous pneumothorax.

Overall survival in patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring "niche" mutations: an observational study.

In addition to the most common somatic lung cancer mutations (i. e., KRAS and EGFR mutations), other genes may harbor mutations that could be relevant for lung cancer.

Cancer stem-neuroendocrine cells in an atypical carcinoid case report.

Lung neuroendocrine cells tumor (NET) classification and diagnosis, particularly for typical and atypical carcinoids, are complicated by a variable natural history and nonspecific symptoms. Mechanisms for the development and progression of well-differentiated lung NETs are still unclear. An accurate and timely diagnosis can ensure the implementation of appropriate treatment and impact on prognosis.

Pectoralis Muscle Transposition in Association with the Ravitch Procedure in the Management of Severe Pectus Excavatum.

Unlabelled: Pectus excavatum (PE) is the most common congenital chest wall deformity. PE is sometimes associated with cardiorespiratory impairment, but is often associated with psychological distress, especially for patients in their teenage years. Surgical repair of pectus deformities has been shown to improve both physical limitations and psychosocial well-being in children.

Correlating tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and lung cancer stem cells: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Lung cancer stem cells (LCSCs) are endowed with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) expression and play roles in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. Their elusive nature may allow them to escape the immune response by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which can positively affect the outcome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Despite independent investigations on both LCSCs and TILs, the relationship between the two has been very marginally considered.

Isolation and Identification of Cancer Stem-Like Cells in Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung: A Pilot Study.

Lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) share many characteristics with normal stem cells, such as self-renewal and multipotentiality. High expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) has been detected in many tumors, particularly in the CSC compartment, and it plays an important role in tumor proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance. CD44 is commonly used as a cell surface marker of cancer stem-like cells in epithelial tumors.

Wound complication after modified Ravitch for pectus excavatum: A case of conservative treatment enhanced by pectoralis muscle transposition.

Introduction: Multiple surgical debridement sessions are mandatory before wound closure in cases of infection after a modified Ravitch procedure for pectus excavatum. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) is a well-established technical resource for treating complicated wounds; however, in cases of suspicion of bone infection, this approach is not enough to prevent bar removal.

Presentation Of The Case: We present a case of surgical wound dehiscence with hardware exposure in a patient who had undergone chondrosternoplasty for pectus excavatum.

Cannonball-Like Lung Nodules in a Patient With a Colorectal Tumor.

A 72-year-old man underwent endoscopic resection of a 10-mm polypoid sessile lesion of the rectum. Histologic examination found a well-differentiated, low-grade (G1), neuroendocrine tumor. A thoracoabdominal CT scan was performed for staging purposes.

Can surgery relieve pain and act as first-line treatment for a large metastasis of the sternum?

Background: There are few papers published on sternal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma. The unifying element is the operability of the sternal metastasis if it is the only site of metastasis, on the operability of the primary site of the tumor and on the patient's health conditions.

Presentation Of The Case: We present a case of a 66-years-old man undergone sternal resection for a large painful metastasis.