Incidence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye in a Spanish Adult Population: 11-Year Follow-Up From the Salnés Eye Study.

Purpose: To estimate the incidence of dry eye (DE) and to evaluate risk factors in an adult cohort in Spain.

Methods: The Salnés Eye Study (SES) was a cross-sectional population-based study of 654 subjects conducted from 2005 to 2006. After 11 years, 264 individuals (65.

Effects of positive end expiratory pressure administration during non-invasive ventilation in patients affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A randomized crossover study.

Background And Objective: No studies have evaluated the impact of different settings of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in patients affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We explored consequences of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) application on effectiveness of ventilation, sleep architecture and heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with ALS naïve to ventilatory treatment.

Methods: In two consecutive nights, 25 patients received in random order 0 or 4 cm H2 0 of PEEP during nocturnal NIV administration (Idea Ultra ResMed) with the same level of total positive inspiratory pressure.

A curious fact: Photic sneeze reflex. Autosomical dominant compelling helio-ophthalmic outburst syndrome.

Objective: To assess ocular involvement in the pathophysiology of autosomal dominant compelling helio-ophthalmic outburst syndrome (ACHOOs).

Methods: An interview was conducted with a Caucasian family that showed clinical features of ACHOOs. Twelve of them had photic reflex and were recruited.

Acquired night blindness due to bad eating patterns.

We report a case of acquired night blindness in a developed country (Spain) without risk factors for nutritional deficiency disease or family history of hereditary retinal disease. A 76-year-old woman presented with acquired night blindness of 6-month progression. After a thorough inquiry about eating patterns she becomes suspicious of vitamin A low dietary intake, which is analytically confirmed and successfully treated.

Coagulation defects in neonates during cardiopulmonary bypass.

We examined components of the coagulation system in 30 neonates (age, 1 to 30 days) undergoing deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A coagulation profile consisting of activated clotting time; prothrombin time; partial thromboplastin time; factors II, V, VII, VIII, IX, X, and I (fibrinogen); antithrombin III; platelet count; and heparin levels was evaluated before bypass, at three intervals during bypass (1 minute after initiation of bypass, stable hypothermic CPB, warm CPB), after weaning from CPB and administration of protamine, and 2 to 3 hours after skin closure. The initiation of CPB resulted in a 50% decrease in circulating coagulation factors and antithrombin III levels.