Study of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its metabolite 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural on induction of colonic aberrant crypt foci in wild-type mice and transgenic mice expressing human sulfotransferases 1A1 and 1A2.

Scope: It was reported that the Maillard product 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) initiates and promotes aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in rat colon. We studied whether 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural (SMF), an electrophilic and mutagenic metabolite of HMF, is able to induce ACF in two murine models.

Methods And Results: In the first model, FVB/N mice received four intraperitoneal administrations of SMF (62.

Toxicity studies with 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and its metabolite 5-sulphooxymethylfurfural in wild-type mice and transgenic mice expressing human sulphotransferases 1A1 and 1A2.

5-Sulphooxymethylfurfural (SMF), an electrophilic metabolite of the abundant Maillard product 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), was intraperitoneally administered to FVB/N mice. At a dosage of 250 mg/kg, most animals died after 5-11 days due to massive damage to proximal tubules. At lower dosages, administered repeatedly, tubules also were the major target of toxicity, with regeneration and atypical hyperplasia occurring at later periods.

Dietary resistant starch type 3 prevents tumor induction by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and alters proliferation, apoptosis and dedifferentiation in rat colon.

Some epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that consumption of resistant starch is preventive against colon cancer. Resistant starch leads to a fermentation-mediated increase in the formation of short-chain fatty acids, with a particularly high butyrate fraction in large bowel. Butyrate is considered to be protective against colon cancer because it causes growth arrest and apoptosis and regulates expression of proteins involved in cellular dedifferentiation in various tumor cell lines in culture.