First report of peach-associated luteovirus (PaLV) infecting almond trees () in Spain.

Peach-associated luteovirus (PaLV) belongs to the genus Luteovirus, family Tombusviridae. To date, PaLV has only been reported in peach (Prunus persica) and its presence detected in the Republic of Georgia (Wu et al., 2017), China (Zhou et al.

Humidified Noninvasive Ventilation versus High-Flow Therapy to Prevent Reintubation in Obese Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The optimal strategy to prevent reintubation in obese patients remains uncertain. We aimed to determine whether noninvasive ventilation (NIV) with active humidification is superior to high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in preventing reintubation in obese patients at intermediate risk.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial in two intensive care units in Spain (June 2020‒June 2021).

Playing catching up: Proceedings of the 1 Spanish conference on genomic medicine.

On May 23-24, 2024, the 1 Spanish Conference on Genomic Medicine convened in Madrid, Spain. An international and multidisciplinary group of experts gathered to discuss the current state and prospects of genomic medicine in the Spanish-speaking world. There were 278 attendees from Latin America, US, UK, Germany, and Spain, and the topics covered included rare diseases, genome medicine in national health systems (NHSs), artificial intelligence, and commercial development ventures.

First European Lytic Bacteriophage Cocktails Effective in the Host: Characterization and Prospects for Fire Blight Biocontrol.

Fire blight, caused by the plant-pathogenic bacterium , is a highly contagious and difficult-to-control disease due to its efficient dissemination and survival and the scarcity of effective control methods. Copper and antibiotics are the most used treatments but pose environmental and human health risks. Bacteriophages (phages) constitute an ecological, safe, and sustainable fire blight control alternative.

Recovery following discharge from intensive care: What do patients think is helpful and what services are missing?

Background: Recovery following critical illness is complex due to the many challenges patients face which influence their long-term outcomes. We explored patients' views about facilitators of recovery after critical illness which could be used to inform the components and timing of specific rehabilitation interventions.

Aims: To explore the views of patients after discharge from an intensive care unit (ICU) about their recovery and factors that facilitated recovery, and to determine additional services that patients felt were missing during their recovery.

Incipient functional SARS-CoV-2 diversification identified through neural network haplotype maps.

Since its introduction in the human population, SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into multiple clades, but the events in its intrahost diversification are not well understood. Here, we compare three-dimensional (3D) self-organized neural haplotype maps (SOMs) of SARS-CoV-2 from thirty individual nasopharyngeal diagnostic samples obtained within a 19-day interval in Madrid (Spain), at the time of transition between clades 19 and 20. SOMs have been trained with the haplotype repertoire present in the mutant spectra of the nsp12- and spike (S)-coding regions.

Complete Genome Characterization of , a Bipartite Member of the Family .

In this study, we identified Plasmopara-viticola-lesion-associated mononegaambi virus 3 (recently classified as ), a fungi-associated mymonavirus, in grapevine plants showing an unusual upward curling symptomatology on the leaves and premature decline. is a family comprising nine genera of negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses infecting filamentous fungi, although few of them have been associated with oomycetes, plants, and insects. Although the first mymonavirus genome description was reported a decade ago, the genome organization of several genera in the family, including the genus has remained unclear to date.

Studies on Bankart Repair for Anterior Shoulder Instability Show Poor Reporting of Data and Reflect Low Level of Evidence: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: To assess the quality and level of evidence of studies reporting on Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability.

Methods: A search was performed using the PubMed/Medline database for all studies that reported clinical outcomes on Bankart repair for anterior shoulder instability. The search term "Bankart repair" with all results were analyzed via strict inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Real-time on-site detection of the three ' Liberibacter' species associated with HLB disease: a rapid and validated method.

Huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease that affects all commercial citrus species worldwide. The disease is associated with bacteria of three species of the genus ' Liberibacter' transmitted by psyllid vectors. To date, HLB has no cure, so preventing its introduction into HLB-free areas is the best strategy to control its spread.

A new and accurate qPCR protocol to detect plant pathogenic bacteria of the genus 'Candidatus Liberibacter' in plants and insects.

Four pathogenic bacterial species of the genus 'Candidatus Liberibacter', transmitted by psyllid vectors, have been associated with serious diseases affecting economically important crops of Rutaceae, Apiaceae and Solanaceae families. The most severe disease of citrus plants, huanglongbing (HLB), is associated with 'Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus' (CaLas), 'Ca.

A Novel and Highly Inclusive Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR Method for the Broad and Efficient Detection of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 1.

Grapevine ( L.) is one of the most important crops in the world due to its economic and social impact. Like many other crops, grapevine is susceptible to different types of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms.

Viral Fitness Landscapes Based on Self-organizing Maps.

The creation of fitness maps from viral populations especially in the case of RNA viruses, with high mutation rates producing quasispecies, is complex since the mutant spectrum is in a very high-dimensional space. In this work, a new approach is presented using a class of neural networks, Self-Organized Maps (SOM), to represent realistic fitness landscapes in two RNA viruses: Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). This methodology has proven to be very effective in the classification of viral quasispecies, using as criterium the mutant sequences in the population.

The structure of His-tagged Geobacillus stearothermophilus purine nucleoside phosphorylase reveals a `spanner in the works'.

The 1.72 Å resolution structure of purine nucleoside phosphorylase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus, a thermostable protein of potential interest for the biocatalytic synthesis of antiviral nucleoside compounds, is reported. The structure of the N-terminally His-tagged enzyme is a hexamer, as is typical of bacterial homologues, with a trimer-of-dimers arrangement.

Effect of postextubation noninvasive ventilation with active humidification vs high-flow nasal cannula on reintubation in patients at very high risk for extubation failure: a randomized trial.

Purpose: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy was noninferior to noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for preventing reintubation in a heterogeneous population at high-risk for extubation failure. However, outcomes might differ in certain subgroups of patients. Thus, we aimed to determine whether NIV with active humidification is superior to HFNC in preventing reintubation in patients with ≥ 4 risk factors (very high risk for extubation failure).

Evaluation of irish consumers' knowledge of salmonellosis and food-handling practices.

is one of numerous food-borne pathogens that could possibly pose a major threat to global food safety. is primarily associated with foods such as poultry, eggs, vegetables, and some dairy products. However, infected food handlers and faecal contaminated environments are also significant sources and reservoirs of this pathogen.

Animal evidence considered in determination of cannabis smoke and Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint); Part I. Somatic development.

Objectives: On December 11, 2019, California's Developmental and Reproductive Toxicant Identification Committee (DARTIC) met to consider the addition of cannabis smoke and Δ -THC to the Proposition 65 list as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint). As the lead state agency for implementing Proposition 65, the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) reviewed and summarized the relevant scientific literature in the form of a hazard identification document (HID). Here we provide reviews based on the HID: shortened, revised, and reformatted for a larger audience.

Animal evidence considered in determination of cannabis smoke and Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint): Part III. Proposed neurodevelopmental mechanisms of action.

This review summarizes the most common potential pathways of neurodevelopmental toxicity due to perinatal exposure to Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ -THC) that lead to behavioral and other adverse outcomes (AOs). This is Part III in a set of reviews highlighting the animal-derived data considered by California's Developmental and Reproductive Toxicant Identification Committee (DARTIC) in 2019. The Hazard Identification Document (HID) provided to the DARTIC included a summary of human, whole animal, and mechanistic data on the neurodevelopmental toxicity of cannabis smoke and Δ -THC.

Animal evidence considered in determination of cannabis smoke and Δ -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ -THC) as causing reproductive toxicity (developmental endpoint); Part II. Neurodevelopmental effects.

This review focuses on neurodevelopmental effects observed in animal studies of cannabis smoke and Δ -THC. Effects in offspring after preconceptional, prenatal, or perinatal exposure to cannabis smoke or Δ -THC were considered. Locomotor and exploratory behavior effects were noted in rats.

SARS-CoV-2 Mutant Spectra at Different Depth Levels Reveal an Overwhelming Abundance of Low Frequency Mutations.

Populations of RNA viruses are composed of complex and dynamic mixtures of variant genomes that are termed mutant spectra or mutant clouds. This applies also to SARS-CoV-2, and mutations that are detected at low frequency in an infected individual can be dominant (represented in the consensus sequence) in subsequent variants of interest or variants of concern. Here we briefly review the main conclusions of our work on mutant spectrum characterization of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and SARS-CoV-2 at the nucleotide and amino acid levels and address the following two new questions derived from previous results: (i) how is the SARS-CoV-2 mutant and deletion spectrum composition in diagnostic samples, when examined at progressively lower cut-off mutant frequency values in ultra-deep sequencing; (ii) how the frequency distribution of minority amino acid substitutions in SARS-CoV-2 compares with that of HCV sampled also from infected patients.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of parents towards antibiotic use in rural communities in Peru: a cross-sectional multicentre study.

Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics significantly contributes to the development of antibiotic resistance. There is limited information about the use of antibiotics among parents from rural areas in Peru. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices towards antibiotics among parents of children < 5 years of age from rural communities in Peru; to explore the association between knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotics and to explore determinants of low knowledge and self-medicating his/her child with antibiotics.

Characterization of Spanish Olive Virome by High Throughput Sequencing Opens New Insights and Uncertainties.

The use of high throughput sequencing (HTS) for the analysis of Spanish olive trees showing leaf yellowing discoloration, defoliation, and/or decline has provided new insights into the olive viruses present in Spain and has opened discussions about the pros and cons of these technologies for diagnostic purposes. In this study, we report for the first time in Spanish orchards the presence of olive leaf yellowing-associated virus (OLYaV), for which the second full coding sequence has been determined. This virus has also been detected in a putative vector, the psyllid .

First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Apple Stem Grooving Virus, Apple Chlorotic Leaf Spot Virus, and Apple Hammerhead Viroid in Loquat in Spain.

Loquat () is an important crop in Spain. To date, only one viral species, apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), has been detected in Spanish loquat orchards. In this study, the presence of additional viruses infecting this crop in Spain was investigated.

A Two-Level, Intramutant Spectrum Haplotype Profile of Hepatitis C Virus Revealed by Self-Organized Maps.

RNA viruses replicate as complex mutant spectra termed viral quasispecies. The frequency of each individual genome in a mutant spectrum depends on its rate of generation and its relative fitness in the replicating population ensemble. The advent of deep sequencing methodologies allows for the first-time quantification of haplotype abundances within mutant spectra.

Chaotic oscillations, dissipation and mirror symmetry breaking in a chiral catalytic network.

Catalytic reaction networks consist of molecular arrays interconnected by autocatalysis and cross-catalytic pathways among the reactants, and serve as bottom-up models for the design and understanding of molecular evolution and emergent phenomena. An important example of the latter is the emergence of homochirality in biomolecules during chemical evolution. This chiral symmetry breaking is triggered by bistability and bifurcation in networks of chiral replicators.