Distinguishing benign and malignant myxoid soft tissue tumors: Performance of radiomics vs. radiologists.

Introduction: Benign and malignant myxoid soft tissue tumors have shared clinical, imaging, and histologic features that can make diagnosis challenging. The purpose of this study is comparison of the diagnostic performance of a radiomic based machine learning (ML) model to musculoskeletal radiologists.

Methods: Manual segmentation of 90 myxoid soft tissue tumors (45 myxomas and 45 myxofibrosarcomas) was performed on axial T1, and T2FS or STIR magnetic resonance imaging sequences.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction in Women With HIV.

Background: HIV induced endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women with HIV (WWH). Although psychosocial stress has been implicated in the development of CVD in HIV, its impact on ED in WWH remains unknown.

Objectives: The authors hypothesized that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and HIV interact to contribute to ED in WWH.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Use of Quaternary Ammonium Compound Disinfectants in Healthcare Facilities Within Selected States in the United States of America.

Introduction Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are the active ingredient in the majority of disinfectants approved for use against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although widely used, they have been linked to infertility and birth defects in animals, and have been shown to increase proinflammatory cytokines, decrease mitochondrial function, and disrupt sterol biosynthetic pathways in a dose-dependent manner in humans. This study examined if there was an increased use of QAC-based disinfectants among healthcare settings in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and aims to bring to light the negative health outcomes that this rise in QAC exposure may pose.

Global Comparisons of Age, Gender and Socioeconomic Status Differences of Physical Fitness Health Risk in South African Primary School Children: Longitudinal Data from the NW-CHILD Study.

Global physical fitness (PF) levels have declined over the past 50 years, contributing to early health risks in children although it is still unclear how age, gender and socioeconomic status (SES) impact PF risk. This study aimed to identify unique health risks related to age, SES and gender that might influence muscular fitness (MF) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels of primary school children in South Africa. Children ( = 349, boys = 165; girls = 184) of low ( = 201) and high SES ( = 148) underwent three time point measurements at 6, 9 and 12 years spanning seven primary school years.

Wrist posture unpredictably affects perception of targeted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation with wrist-placed electrodes.

Objective: Targeted transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tTENS) is a non-invasive neural stimulation technique that involves activating sensory nerve fibers to elicit tactile sensations in a distal, or referred, location. Though tTENS is a promising approach for delivering haptic feedback in virtual reality or for use by those with somatosensory deficits, it was not known how the perception of tTENS might be influenced by changing wrist position during sensorimotor tasks.

Approach: We worked with 12 able-bodied individuals and delivered tTENS by placing electrodes on the wrist, thus targeting the ulnar, median, and radial nerves, and eliciting tactile sensations in the hand.

Quantitative Measurement of Individual and Contextual Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccination in General Population Samples: A Scoping Review.

Background: This scoping review aims to map the quantitative literature investigating vaccine-related individual and contextual determinants of COVID-19 vaccination uptake, identify and define constructs assessed, and describe the characteristics of self-report measures.

Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted to capture peer-reviewed journal articles published between December 31, 2019, and December 25, 2021. Studies conducted in English and collecting data from general population samples using self-report measures of vaccine-related determinants of COVID-19 vaccination behavior were eligible.

Core elements of the perioperative medicine for older people undergoing surgery (POPS) model of care.

Purpose: Hospital surgical services that utilise the approach of the perioperative medicine for older people undergoing surgery (POPS) model of care improve outcomes for older people contemplating and undergoing surgery. Complex models of care like POPS may be difficult to implement without understanding the elements that comprise that model of care. Logic models can be used to aid implementation by visually depicting theoretical relationships between the elements of the model of care.

Reconfiguration of metabolic connectivity in ageing.

Information transfer across the brain has a high energetic cost and requires efficient glucose metabolism. Here we use recently developed high temporal resolution functional positron emission tomography (fPET) to create a timecourse of glucose metabolism for individual subjects and assess the relationship between metabolic connectivity and cognitive function in ageing. The metabolic connectomes of 40 younger (mean 27.

Kinetic comparisons of jaw opening, jaw closing and locomotor muscles.

Understanding contraction dynamics of skeletal muscle is critically important to appreciate performance capabilities of skeletal structures, especially for structures responsible for feeding and/or locomotion. Furthermore, it is important to understand how temperature can impact contraction dynamics in vertebrates that are regularly exposed to fluctuations in temperature. We aimed to address differences between jaw opening (sternhyoideus), jaw closing (adductor mandibulae) and locomotor (abductor superficialis) muscle contraction dynamics in a labrid fish.

Clear cell stromal tumor of the lung: Report of 3 cases with emphasis on multifocal tumors.

We describe 3 patients with clear cell stromal tumor (CCST) of the lung, all of whom presented with multifocal disease. The patients were 2 men and 1 woman aged 47-58 years (mean, 54 years). Two patients had evidence of autoimmune disease and their pulmonary disease was an incidental finding; one patient presented with non-specific respiratory symptoms.

Baseline Characteristics of Participants in STAREE: A Randomized Trial for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Events and Prolongation of Disability-Free Survival in Older People.

Background: The risk-benefit balance of statin use in healthy older people is uncertain. We describe the baseline characteristics of the STAREE (Statins in Reducing Events in the Elderly) trial, which is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among community-dwelling older people; the trial evaluated the effect of atorvastatin 40 mg for the prevention of major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke), and on disability-free survival (survival free of both dementia and persistent physical disability).

Methods And Results: STAREE enrolled people aged ≥70 years from 1583 general practices across Australia with no history of clinical cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or dementia.

Unexpected Mediastinal Mass Etiology in B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Leukemic masses are a known complication in patients with hematologic malignancies. Here we present a case regarding a patient with recently diagnosed B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) who presented with multiple sites of extramedullary involvement including an anterior mediastinal mass. This mass persisted despite multiple rounds of multiagent cytotoxic therapy.

Family perspectives on delirium information provision in an inpatient setting.

Objectives: Delirium is common in older hospitalised patients and is associated with significant distress in family members who witness it. Education-based interventions can support the family of people with delirium. This study aimed to understand the perspective of family members of people with delirium regarding the information they received and opportunities for improvement.

Multi-stakeholder aged care research networks: A scoping review.

Background And Objectives: An ageing population worldwide has highlighted the need for improved care in long term aged care homes. In Australia, such homes are called Residential Aged Care homes, and reform is underway to improve the quality and safety of aged care. A key enabler of quality improvement is increasing evidence-based practice through creating a system to support research translation.

Feto-placental vascular structure and in silico haemodynamics: Of mice, rats, and human.

Introduction: The complex arborization of the feto-placental vasculature is crucial for optimal fetal nutrition, waste exchange and ultimately, development. Ethical and experimental limitations constrain research into the human placenta, hence experimental animal models such as mice and rats, are crucial to understand placental function. It is unclear how well the mouse and rat feto-placental vascular structure emulates human.

Interactions between muscle volume and body mass index on brain structure in the UK Biobank.

Background: Low skeletal muscle volume may increase dementia risk through mechanisms affecting brain structure. However, it is unclear whether this relationship exists outside of sarcopenia and/or varies by other factors. We aimed to study the interplay between skeletal muscle volume and factors, such as age, sex, and body mass index (BMI), in explaining brain structure at midlife in a cohort without sarcopenia.

Implementing a perioperative medicine for older people undergoing surgery (POPS) service: A guide for clinical leaders.

Objective: This study aimed to translate previous implementation science research describing the implementation of perioperative medicine for older people undergoing surgery (POPS) services into a format that is comprehensible and relevant to clinical leaders contemplating implementing a POPS service.

Methods: We conducted a multistage expert end-user review process to design a POPS implementation guide. Our expert research team created a draft POPS service implementation guide using previous implementation science research that described the core elements and implementation of a POPS service.

Effectiveness of interventions for informal caregivers of people with end-stage chronic illness: a systematic review.

Background: People living with advanced, non-malignant chronic conditions often have extensive and complex care needs. Informal or family caregivers often provide the care and support needed by those with advanced chronic conditions at home. These informal caregivers experience many challenges associated with their caring role, which can impact their own wellbeing.