The collective involvement of virulence markers of as an emerging pathogen associated with periodontitis remains unexplained. This study aimed to implement an model of infection using a human epithelial cell line to determine the virulome expression related to the antibiotic and disinfectant resistance genotype and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type in strains isolated from patients with periodontal diseases. We studied 100 strains of isolated from patients with gingivitis (n = 12), moderate periodontitis (n = 59), and chronic periodontitis (n = 29).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAcinetobacter baumannii belongs to the ESKAPE group. It is classified as a critical priority group by the World Health Organization and a global concern on account of its capacity to acquire and develop resistance mechanisms to multiple antibiotics. Data from the United States indicates 500 deaths annually.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: P. aeruginosa is one of the most metabolically versatile bacteria having the ability to survive in multiple environments through its accessory genome. An important hallmark of P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Bacteriophage therapy is becoming part of mainstream Western medicine since antibiotics of clinical use tend to fail. It involves applying lytic bacteriophages that self-replicate and induce cell lysis, thus killing their hosts. Nevertheless, bacterial killing promotes the selection of resistant clones which sometimes may exhibit a decrease in bacterial virulence or antibiotic resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe emergence of hyper-virulent and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of isolated from patients with hospital- and community-acquired infections is a serious health problem that increases mortality. The molecular analysis of virulome expression related to antimicrobial-resistant genotype and infection type in strains isolated from patients with hospital- and community-acquired infections has been poorly studied. In this study, we analyzed the overall expression of the virulence genotype associated with the antimicrobial resistance genotype and pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) type (PFtype) in .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) released into the environment are an emerging human and environmental health concern, including ARGs spread in wastewater treatment effluents. In low-to-middle income countries (LMICs), an alternate wastewater treatment option instead of conventional systems are low-energy, high-rate algal ponds (HRAP) that use microalgae-bacteria aggregates (MABA) for waste degradation. Here we studied the robustness of ARG removal in MABA-based pilot-scale outdoor systems for 140 days of continuous operation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The advance of the COVID-19 pandemic and spread of SARS-CoV-2 around the world has generated the emergence of new genomic variants. Those variants with possible clinical and therapeutic implications have been classified as variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs).
Objective: This study aims to describe the COVID-19 pandemic and build the evolutionary and demographic dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 populations in Mexico, with emphasis on VOCs.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most worrisome infectious bacteria due to its intrinsic and acquired resistance against several antibiotics and the recalcitrance of its infections; hence, the development of novel antimicrobials effective against multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa is mandatory. In this work, silver nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis using a leaf extract and fungi were tested against a battery of clinical strains from cystic fibrosis, pneumonia and burnt patients, some of them with multidrug resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman lifestyle and its relationship with the human microbiome has been a line of research widely studied. This is because, throughout human history, civilizations have experienced different environments and lifestyles that could have promoted changes in the human microbiome. The comparison between industrialized and non-industrialized human populations in several studies has allowed to observe variation in the microbiome structure due to the population lifestyle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Commensal Escherichia coli is defined as bacteria without known virulence factors that could be playing a specific role in some diseases; however, they could be responsible to disseminate antimicrobial resistance genes to other microorganisms. This study aimed to characterize the commensal E. coli isolates obtained from slaughtered sheep in the central region of Mexico.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn 2011, an outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) was reported in Europe that was related to a hybrid STEAEC of () O104:H4 strain. The current study aimed to analyze strains of O104 and O9 isolated before 2011. The study included 47 strains isolated from children with and without diarrhea between 1986 and 2009 from different geographic regions, as well as seven reference strains.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen especially in nosocomial infections due to its easy adaptation to different environments; this characteristic is due to the great genetic diversity that presents its genome. In addition, it is considered a pathogen of critical priority due to the high antimicrobial resistance.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to characterize the mobile genetic elements present in the chromosome of six Mexican P.
In December 2019, the first cases of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were identified in the city of Wuhan, China. Since then, it has spread worldwide with new mutations being reported. The aim of the present study was to monitor the changes in genetic diversity and track non-synonymous substitutions () that could be implicated in the fitness of SARS-CoV-2 and its spread in different regions between December 2019 and November 2020.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: In December 2019 a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that is causing the current COVID-19 pandemic was identified in Wuhan, China. Many questions have been raised about its origin and adaptation to humans. In the present work we performed a genetic analysis of the Spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 and other related coronaviruses (CoVs) isolated from different hosts in order to trace the evolutionary history of this protein and the adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to humans.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHelicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes chronic atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcers and it has been associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). One of the more remarkable characteristics of H. pylori is its ability to survive in the hostile environment of the stomach.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAs current levels of antimicrobial resistance are alarming, the World Health Organization urged the development of new antimicrobials to fight infections produced by multidrug resistant bacteria. Antibiotics impose severe selective pressure for the development of resistance, and currently bacteria resistant to all of them exist. In this review, we discuss the release and development of new antibacterial drugs and their properties as well as the current advances in the development of alternative approaches to combat bacterial infections, including the repurposing of drugs, anti-virulence therapies, the use of photosensitizers, phage therapy, and immunotherapies, with an emphasis on what is currently known about the possible development of bacterial resistance against them.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF, a member of the family, was long thought to be a non-pathogenic bacterium prevalent in environmental habitats. Together with other members of this genus, it has emerged in recent years as an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen causing various types of infections. One important feature of pathogens belonging to this genus is their intrinsic and acquired resistance to a variety of antibiotic families, including β-lactam, aminoglycosides, quinolones and polypeptide antibiotics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLatin America has experienced two of the largest cholera epidemics in modern history; one in 1991 and the other in 2010. However, confusion still surrounds the relationships between globally circulating pandemic clones and local bacterial populations. We used whole-genome sequencing to characterize cholera across the Americas over a 40-year time span.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFour extensively drug-resistant strains, isolated from patients with pneumonia, were sequenced using PacBio RS-II single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. Genome sequence analysis identified great variability among mobile genetic elements, as well as some previously undescribed genomic islands and new variants of class 1 integrons (In1402, In1403, In1404, and In1408).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo strains isolated from children with bacteremia in Mexico City were sequenced using PacBio RS-II single-molecule real-time (SMRT) technology. The strains consist of a 7.0- to 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis an opportunistic pathogen and is associated with nosocomial infections. Its ability to thrive in a broad range of environments is due to a large and diverse genome of which its accessory genome is part. The objective of this study was to characterize strains isolated from children who developed bacteremia, using pulse-field gel electrophoresis, and in terms of its genomic islands, virulence genes, multilocus sequence type, and antimicrobial susceptibility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRhamnolipids produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are biosurfactants with a high biotechnological potential, but their extensive commercialization is limited by the potential virulence of P. aeruginosa and by restrictions in producing these surfactants in heterologous hosts. In this work, we report the characterization of P.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Any microorganism is capable of causing urinary tract infections (UTI). However, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for the majority of UTI. A variety of virulence genes have been identified in UPEC.
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