Host dispersal relaxes selective pressures in rafting microbiomes and triggers successional changes.

What little we know about how microbiomes change over the course of host dispersal has been gleaned from simulations or snapshot sampling of microbiomes of hosts undertaking regular, cyclical migrations. These studies suggest that major changes in both microbiome richness and turnover occur in response to long-distance movements, but we do not yet know how rare or sporadic dispersal events for non-migratory organisms might affect the microbiomes of their hosts. Here we directly examine the microbiomes of rafting seaweed, leveraging host genomic analyses, amplicon sequencing, and oceanographic modelling to study the impacts of ecological dispersal of hosts on their microbiomes.

Scholars in Health Equity: A Program of Structured Physician Faculty Development.

Background: Structured faculty development programs focused on integrating health equity into medical education curricula remain limited.

Aim: To describe an interdisciplinary faculty development program grounded in adult learning theory and to assess its impact on participants' professional growth.

Setting And Participants: Twenty-one faculty members across six academic-affiliated health systems.

Heterogeneity in pediatric resting EEG data processing and analysis: A state of the field.

Developmental, resting electroencephalography (EEG) is gaining rapid popularity with implementation in large-scale studies as well as a recent WHO report naming resting EEG as a gold standard measure of brain health. With an increased interest in resting EEG as a potential biomarker for neurocognition, it is paramount that resting EEG findings are reliable and reproducible. One of the major threats to replicability and reproducibility stems from variations in preprocessing and analysis.

Microplastic pollution in marine sediments of the Antarctic coastal environment of Potter Cove and nearby areas (25 de Mayo/King George Island, South Shetlands).

Plastic contamination in the Southern Ocean is a growing issue. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of marine microplastics (MPs) (0.1-5 mm) in surface sediments in Potter Cove and nearby areas around Argentina's Carlini station (25 de Mayo/King George Island, South Shetlands).

Concomitant Factors Associated With Tillaux-Chaput Fractures in Adults: A Case-Control Study.

Background: Tillaux-Chaput fractures (TCFs) consist of fractures of the anterolateral distal tibia. They rarely occur in isolation in adults. When TCFs are missed, there is a risk of chronic pain, instability, and ankle osteoarthritis.

Neoadjuvant letrozole and palbociclib in patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative early breast cancer and Oncotype DX Recurrence Score ≥18: DxCARTES study.

Background: The effect of the addition of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 inhibitors to endocrine therapy in terms of molecular downstaging remains undetermined. Switching from a high-risk to a low risk Recurrence Score (RS) group could provide useful information to identify patients who might not require chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to assess the biological and clinical activity of letrozole plus palbociclib as neoadjuvant treatment for patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early breast cancer with an initial Oncotype DX RS ≥18.

The development and structure of the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study EEG protocol.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of two brain imaging modalities central to the HBCD Study. EEG records electrical signals from the scalp that reflect electrical brain activity.

Flanker task parameters are related to the strength of association between the ERN and anxiety: a meta-analysis.

The error-related negativity (ERN)-an index of error monitoring-is associated with anxiety symptomatology. Although recent work suggests associations between the ERN and anxiety are relatively modest, little attention has been paid to how variation in task parameters may influence the strength of ERN-anxiety associations. To close this gap, the current meta-analysis assesses the possible influence of task parameter variation in the Flanker task-the most commonly used task to elicit the ERN-on observed ERN-anxiety associations.

Practice determinants for adherence to the Guide for the Comprehensive Clinical Care of Dengue Patients, Urabá (Colombia). A multifaceted approach to implementation research.

Introduction: Dengue is a significant public health issue in the Urabá region, accounting for 37.5% of morbidity and 41.7% of mortality resulting from dengue in the department of Antioquia (Colombia) in 2018.

Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity moderates the association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant cord blood omega-3 levels.

Background: Empirical evidence has demonstrated associations between pre-pregnancy obesity and perinatal maternal depressive symptoms. Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid derived from dietary sources that is critical for fetal brain development. Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher omega-3 intake, but a weaker association between dietary intake and respective maternal and cord blood omega-3 levels.

Olaparib plus trastuzumab in HER2-positive advanced breast cancer patients with germline BRCA1/2 mutations: The OPHELIA phase 2 study.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of olaparib plus trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer (ABC) and germinal BRCA mutations (gBRCAm).

Methods: OPHELIA (NCT03931551) was a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 clinical trial. Patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with HER2-positive ABC with germinal deleterious mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 who had received at least one prior systemic regimen for advanced disease were enrolled.

A Novel Simulation Model and Training Program for Minimally Invasive Surgery of Hallux Valgus.

Background: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hallux valgus (HV) has gained popularity. However, adopting this technique faces the challenges of a pronounced learning curve. This study aimed to address these challenges by developing and validating an innovative simulation model and training program, targeting enhanced proficiency in HV MIS.

Protection of K18-hACE2 Mice against SARS-CoV-2 Challenge by a Capsid Virus-like Particle-Based Vaccine.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the emergence of novel virus variants have had a dramatic impact on public health and the world economy, underscoring the need for detailed studies that explore the high efficacy of additional vaccines in animal models. In this study, we confirm the pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2/Leiden_008 isolate (GenBank accession number MT705206.1) in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice.

Real Implication of Fertility-Sparing Surgery for Ovarian Cancer: Reproductive Outcomes.

Background: to prove the effectivity of fertility-sparing procedures in early-stage ovarian cancer by assessing pregnancy rates and obstetrical outcomes.

Methods: we performed a retrospective multicenter study among 55 Spanish hospitals, collecting patients from 18 to 40 years old with diagnosis of early-stage ovarian cancer, epithelial (EOC) or non-epithelial (non-EOC), from January 2010 to December 2019. Data on the use of assisted reproductive techniques, pregnancy attempts and obstetrical outcomes were collected.

Organophosphate ester flame retardant chemicals and maternal depression during pregnancy.

Background: Depression substantially contributes to pregnancy-related morbidity, and pregnancy is increasingly recognized as a vulnerable window for exposure effects on maternal mental health. Exposures to organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous and may have neurotoxic effects; however, their impacts on prenatal depression remain unknown. We evaluated associations of third trimester OPE metabolites on maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy.

Longitudinal relations among temperament, cognitive control, and anxiety: From toddlerhood to late adolescence.

Children with a history of behaviorally inhibited (BI) temperament face a heightened risk for anxiety disorders and often use control strategies that are less planful. Although these relations have been observed concurrently in early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence, few studies leverage longitudinal data to examine long-term prospective relations between cognitive control and anxiety. Using longitudinal data from 149 adolescents (55% female; from predominantly White middle-class families), we assessed temperament in toddlerhood and cognitive control and anxiety at 4, 12, 15, and 18 years of age.

The impact of norepinephrine dose reporting heterogeneity on mortality prediction in septic shock patients.

Background: Norepinephrine (NE) is a cornerstone drug in the management of septic shock, with its dose being used clinically as a marker of disease severity and as mortality predictor. However, variations in NE dose reporting either as salt formulations or base molecule may lead to misinterpretation of mortality risks and hinder the process of care.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the MIMIC-IV database to assess the impact of NE dose reporting heterogeneity on mortality prediction in a cohort of septic shock patients.

Combining developmental and sleep health measures for autism spectrum disorder screening: an ECHO study.

Background: Sleep problems are reported for up to 80% of autistic individuals. We examined whether parsimonious sets of items derived from the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised (M-CHAT-R) and the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) are superior to the standard M-CHAT-R in predicting subsequent autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnoses.

Methods: Participants from 11 Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) cohorts were included.