Reactive Oxygen Species Resistive Redox Mediator in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

The utilization of redox mediators (RMs) in lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs) has underscored their utility in high overpotential during the charging process. Among the currently known RMs, it is exceptionally challenging to identify those with a redox potential capable of attenuating singlet oxygen (O) generation while resisting degradation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O and superoxide (O ). In this context, computational and experimental approaches for rational molecular design have led to the development of 7,7'-bi-7-azabicyclo[2.

C-H Activation and Sequential Addition to Dienes and Imines: Synthesis of Amines with -Quaternary Centers and Mechanistic Studies on the Complex Interplay Between the Catalyst and Three Reactants.

A Rh(III)-catalyzed sequential C-H bond addition to dienes and in situ formed aldimines was developed, allowing for the preparation of otherwise challenging to access amines with quaternary centers at the -position. A broad range of dienes were effective inputs and installed a variety of aryl and alkyl substituents at the quaternary carbon site. Aryl and alkyl sulfonamide and carbamate nitrogen substituents were incorporated by using different formaldimine precursors.

Dengue Mimickers: Which Clinical Conditions Can Resemble Dengue Fever?

Epidemics and outbreaks caused by the dengue virus pose risks to populations and have high mortality rates, causing burdens and economic costs worldwide. Brazil recently experienced an explosive increase in the number of dengue cases and fatalities. Dengue is an acute febrile illness that can progress to severe forms.

Discovery of Non-Covalent Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 PLpro: Integrating Virtual Screening, Synthesis, and Experimental Validation.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has significantly challenged global public health, highlighting the need for effective therapeutic options. This study focuses on the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2, which is a critical enzyme for viral polyprotein processing, maturation, and immune evasion. We employed a combined approach that began with computational models in a virtual screening campaign, prioritizing compounds from our in-house chemical library against PLpro.

Spatial-temporal analysis of COVID-19 cases in the state of Alagoas.

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted Brazil, highlighting significant gaps in public health infrastructure. This study aims to analyze the spatial-temporal distribution of COVID-19 cases in Alagoas. The study covers all 102 municipalities in Alagoas, using official data from the Alagoas COVID-19 Panel.

Evidence of obesity-induced inflammatory changes in client-owned cats.

Background And Aim: Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus are common health issues in obese (OB) cats. In humans, obesity leads to alterations in adipokine and proinflammatory cytokine secretion, causing persistent inflammation. The inflammatory impact of obesity in cats remains unproven.

Quantifying the Transition from Unconscious to Conscious Detection of Temporal Patterns in Vigilance Tasks: A Unique Adaptation of Mackworth's Clock Test.

This study investigates the cognitive mechanisms underlying vigilance and pattern recognition using a novel adaptation of Mackworth's Clock Test. We aimed to quantify the time it takes for temporal patterns detected unconsciously through implicit learning to surface in the conscious mind within a dynamic vigilance task environment. Forty-eight participants detected random and non-disclosed rhythmic anomalous clock hand movements in this setting.

Association of PARP1 Expression Levels and Clinical Parameters in Different Leukemic Subtypes With Translocation.

Background/aim: Although the reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) is a hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), it is also present in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Depending on the gene's breakpoint, it is possible to obtain three isoforms, among which p190 stands out for the poor prognosis it induces whenever it appears. Due to the genomic instability induced by BCR::ABL1, it is proposed to expand the applicability of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) and its inhibitors in hematological neoplasms.

Total Synthesis of (-)-Rauvomine B via a Strain-Promoted Intramolecular Cyclopropanation.

We describe the first total synthesis of the unusual cyclopropane-containing indole alkaloid (-)-rauvomine B via a strategy centered upon intramolecular cyclopropanation of a tetracyclic -sulfonyltriazole. Preparation of this precursor evolved through two generations of synthesis, with the ultimately successful route involving a palladium-catalyzed stereospecific allylic amination, a -selective Pictet-Spengler reaction, and ring-closing metathesis as important bond-forming reactions. The key cyclopropanation step was found to be highly dependent on the structure and conformational strain of the indoloquinolizidine -sulfonyltriazole precursor, the origins of which are explored computationally through DFT studies.

Hypoxia-Responsive Prodrug of ATR Inhibitor, AZD6738, Selectively Eradicates Treatment-Resistant Cancer Cells.

Targeted therapy remains the future of anti-cancer drug development, owing to the lack of specificity of current treatments which lead to damage in healthy normal tissues. ATR inhibitors have in recent times demonstrated promising clinical potential, and are currently being evaluated in the clinic. However, despite the considerable optimism for clinical success of these inhibitors, reports of associated normal tissues toxicities remain a concern and can compromise their utility.

Atomoxetine: toxicological aspects of a new treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Brazil.

Atomoxetine is a drug widely used for the treatment of the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with reduced risk of adverse motor reactions and chemical dependence. However, the pharmacokinetics characteristics as well as the toxicological risk of atomoxetine deserves further investigation to comprehensively analyze the therapeutic and safety aspects of this drug. This study aimed to predict the physicochemical profile and medicinal chemistry characteristics of atomoxetine, alongside its pharmacokinetic properties-namely absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion-as well as its toxicology (ADMET) potential through the utilization of web-based in silico tools.

Nonlinear EEG Analysis During Motor and Cognitive Tasks in Patients With Long COVID: A Dynamic Systems Approach.

Nonlinear EEG provides information about dynamic properties of the brain. This study aimed to compare nonlinear EEG parameters estimated from patients with Long COVID in different cognitive and motor tasks. This 12-month prospective cohort study included 83 patients with Long COVID: 53 symptomatic and 30 asymptomatic.

Twelve-year trends in unprotected left main coronary artery occlusion: insights from a real-world multicentre study.

Aims: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) resulting from unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and subtotal occlusion is a life-threatening condition. Although AMI management has improved in the past two decades, there is limited information on recent trends in patient characteristics, management, and outcomes for acute unprotected LMCA-related AMI. This study aims to assess such trends over a 12 year period.

Income determines the impact of cash transfers on HIV/AIDS: cohort study of 22.7 million Brazilians.

Living with extremely low-income is an important risk factor for HIV/AIDS and can be mitigated by conditional cash transfers. Using a cohort of 22.7 million low-income individuals during 9 years, we evaluated the effects of the world's largest conditional cash transfer, the Programa Bolsa Família, on HIV/AIDS-related outcomes.

Association between shortened dental configurations and health outcomes: a scoping review.

This study mapped definitions of shortened dental configurations and health outcomes employed in association studies. A scoping review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO and Cochrane databases. Two trained researchers selected studies and extracted data.

Ni-Catalyzed 1,1- and 1,3-Aminoboration of Unactivated Alkenes.

Alkene borylfunctionalization reactions have emerged as useful methods for chemical synthesis. While much progress has been made on 1,2-borylamination reactions, the related 1,1- and 1,3-borylaminations have not been reported. Herein, a Ni-catalyzed 1,1-borylamination of 1,1-disubstituted and monosubstituted alkenes and a 1,3-borylamination of cyclic alkenes are presented.

Intermittent fasting combined with exercise training reduces body mass and alleviates hypothalamic disorders induced by high-fat diet intake.

High-fat diet consumption causes hypothalamic inflammation, dysregulating the leptin pathway, which, in turn, compromises the modulation of hypothalamic neuronal activities and predisposes obesity development. Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (ET) have been demonstrated as efficient interventions to modulate hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal activity. However, no studies have evaluated whether combining these interventions could induce better results in reestablishing hypothalamic homeostasis disrupted by high-fat diet intake.

The dual and emerging role of physical exercise-induced TFEB activation in the protection against Alzheimer's disease.

The mechanisms of autophagy have been related to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis by the endosomal-lysosomal system, having a critical function in forming amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms mediating disease pathogenesis remain unclear. The transcription factor EB (TFEB), a primary transcriptional autophagy regulator, improves gene expression, mediating lysosome function, autophagic flux, and autophagosome biogenesis.

Macro and microscopic characteristics of the placenta and its relationship with the weight and the Apgar score of canine neonates.

The placenta is the main organ of pregnancy and is directly related to the proper development of the fetus. The correlation among some placental measurements and their respective neonates is widely studied in the human species. However, the studies regarding bitches are still limited.

The effect of pulp volume and impact direction on the stress and strain distribution during an impact.

Background/aim: Dentoalveolar trauma has a high incidence in different age groups, including the extremes, children, and older people. Mouth aging leads to some changes, one of them being the pulp volume reduction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different pulp cavity volumes and the impact direction on the stress and strain distribution of a maxillary central incisor.

Exercise alters the circadian rhythm of REV-ERB-α and downregulates autophagy-related genes in peripheral and central tissues.

The transcriptional repressor REV-ERB-α, encoded by Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1 Group D Member 1 (Nr1d1), has been considered to play an essential role in the skeletal muscle oxidative capacity adaptation and muscle mass control. Also, this molecule regulates autophagy via the repression of autophagy-related genes both in skeletal muscle and brain regions. Classically, training programs based on endurance or strength characteristics enhance skeletal muscle mass content and/or oxidative capacity, leading to autophagy activation in several tissues.