Medical Trainees' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Electronic Cigarettes and Hookah: A Multinational Survey Study.

Background: The rising prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) and hookah use among youth raises questions about medical trainees' views of these products. We aimed to investigate medical trainees' knowledge and attitudes toward e-cigarette and hookah use.

Methods: We used data from a large cross-sectional survey of medical trainees in Brazil, the United States, and India.

Gene Mutation Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer Outcomes: Analysis of a Large Cohort, Systematic Review of Endoscopic Surveillance, and Secondary Cancer Risk Postulation.

Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) is a rare signet-ring cell adenocarcinoma (SRCC) linked to (E-cadherin) inactivating germline mutations, and increasingly other gene mutations. Female mutation carriers have additional risk of lobular breast cancer. Risk management includes prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG).

Physiological Indicators of Attachment in Domestic Dogs () and Their Owners in the Strange Situation Test.

Behaviorally, attachment is demonstrated when one individual maintains close proximity to another individual and shows distress upon separation. For 29 owner-dog dyads, we employed a modified Ainsworth's Strange Situation Test (SST) to investigate whether both members would show a physiological reaction to separation. Dogs experienced a series of separation from and reuniting events with their owners and were introduced to a stranger.

Balancing personal maintenance with parental investment in a chick-rearing seabird: physiological indicators change with foraging conditions.

Seabird parents use a conservative breeding strategy that favours long-term survival over intensive parental investment, particularly under harsh conditions. Here, we examine whether variation in several physiological indicators reflects the balance between parental investment and survival in common murres () under a wide range of foraging conditions. Blood samples were taken from adults during mid-chick rearing from 2007 to 2014 and analysed for corticosterone (CORT, stress hormone), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BUTY, lipid metabolism reflecting ongoing mass loss), and haematocrit (reflecting blood oxygen capacity).