Equivalent Efficacy and Safety of Radiosurgery for Cystic and Solid Vestibular Schwannomas: A Systematic Review.

Background: Cystic vestibular schwannomas (VS) are associated with unpredictable growth behavior and potentially worse surgical outcomes compared with their solid counterparts. Growth control and potential adverse effects of radiosurgery for cystic VS have created concerns surrounding this modality. We sought to compare the treatment efficacy and safety profile of radiosurgery between cystic and solid VS through a systematic review.

Management of Diffuse Low-Grade Glioma: The Renaissance of Robust Evidence.

The surgical management of diffuse low-grade gliomas (DLGGs) has undergone a paradigm shift toward striving for maximal safe resection when feasible. While extensive observational data supports this transition, unbiased evidence in the form of high quality randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) is lacking. Furthermore, despite a high volume of molecular, genetic, and imaging data, the field of neuro-oncology lacks personalized care algorithms for individuals with DLGGs based on a robust foundation of evidence.

Development and Validation of a Clinical Prognostic Stage Group System for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer Using Disease-Specific Mortality Results From the International Staging Collaboration for Cancer of the Prostate.

Importance: In 2016, the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) established criteria to evaluate prediction models for staging. No localized prostate cancer models were endorsed by the Precision Medicine Core committee, and 8th edition staging was based on expert consensus.

Objective: To develop and validate a pretreatment clinical prognostic stage group system for nonmetastatic prostate cancer.

Can post-treatment free PSA ratio be used to predict adverse outcomes in recurrent prostate cancer?

Objectives: To assess whether free PSA ratio (FPSAR) at biochemical recurrence (BCR) can predict metastasis, castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), and cancer-specific survival (CSS), following therapy for localised disease.

Patients And Methods: A single-centre retrospective cohort study (NCT03927287) including a discovery cohort composed of patients with an FPSAR after radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) between 2000 and 2017. For validation, an independent Biobank cohort of patients with BCR after RP was tested.

Estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on mortality of institutionalized elderly in Brazil.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses difficulties for long-term care institutions for the elderly, with increased mortality rates for the residents. This study aims to estimate the impact of COVID-19 on mortality of institutionalized elderly in Brazil. Estimates of the percentage of elderly deaths occurring in care homes were calculated for Brazil, States and Regions using estimates for the total number of deaths.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in metachronous oligometastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the current prospective evidence.

Objective: In contrast to traditional views of incurability, patients with oligometastatic disease present with an opportunity for disease eradication with aggressive treatment. There is mounting evidence in support of the role of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC).

Methods: MEDLINE and EMBASE were queried for prospective cohort studies reporting the outcomes of metachronous OMPC treated with SBRT.

Management of elderly patients with glioblastoma: current status with a focus on the post-operative radiation therapy.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most malignant primary intracranial neoplasms. This review aims to summarize the treatment of elderly patients with newly diagnosed GBM, with a focus on the radiation therapy (RT) approach. The available literature was reviewed, and we describe the most significant results relating to the post-operative approach of elderly GBM patients.

Gd(DOTA)-grafted submicronic polysaccharide-based particles functionalized with fucoidan as potential MR contrast agent able to target human activated platelets.

Early detection of thrombotic events remains a big medical challenge. Dextran-based submicronic particles bearing Gd(DOTA) groups and functionalized with fucoidan have been produced via a simple and green water-in-oil emulsification/co-crosslinking process. Their capacity to bind to human activated platelets was evidenced in vitro as well as their cytocompatibility with human endothelial cells.

Radiation Oncology Fellowship: a Value-Based Assessment Among Graduates of a Mature Program.

The University of Toronto - Department of Radiation Oncology (UTDRO) has had a well-established Fellowship Program for over 20 years. An assessment of its graduates was conducted to evaluate training experience and perceived impact on professional development. Graduates of the UTDRO Fellowship Program between 1991 and 2015 were the focus of our review.

Comparative Analysis of the Proteomic Profile of the Dental Pulp in Different Conditions. A Pilot Study.

This study aimed to quantitatively compare the difference in protein expression in the progression of pulp pathogenesis, as well as to describe the biological functions of proteins identified in pulp tissue. Samples were obtained from six patients treated at the Araçatuba School of Dentistry and were divided into three groups: normal pulp - from teeth extracted for orthodontic indication; inflamed pulp and necrotic pulp - from patients diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis and chronic apical periodontitis, respectively. After previous proteomic preparation, dental pulp samples were processed for label-free quantitative proteomic analysis in a nanoACQUITY UPLC-Xevo QTof MS system.

Focal Leptomeningeal Disease with Perivascular Invasion in -Mutant Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

We report a previously undescribed pattern of brain metastases in patients with e-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and radiation therapy. These highly distinct lesions appear to spread focally within the leptomeninges, with invasion along the perivascular spaces (FLIP). The survival of patients with FLIP was significantly better compared with patients with classic leptomeningeal disease (median survival, 21 versus 3 months; = .

Neurological Death is Common in Patients With EGFR Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Diagnosed With Brain Metastases.

Purpose: Brain metastases (BrM) are common in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRm) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We sought to determine the rate of neurologic death (ND) in this population.

Methods And Materials: We analyzed data from 198 patients who received a diagnosis of BrM from EGFRm NSCLC between 2004 and 2016, comparing patients whose initial treatment for BrM was stereotactic radiosurgery with or without tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) with or without TKI, or TKI alone.

The Role of Stereotactic Radiosurgery in the Management of Brain Metastases From a Health-Economic Perspective: A Systematic Review.

Background: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective option in the management of brain metastases, offering improved overall survival to whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). However, given the need for active surveillance and the possibility of repeated interventions for local/distant brain recurrences, the balance between clinical benefit and economic impact must be evaluated.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review of health-economic analyses of SRS for brain metastases, compared with other existing intervention options, to determine the cost-effectiveness of this treatment across different clinical scenarios.

Effects of Drugs, Phytoestrogens, Nutrients and Probiotics on Endothelial Dysfunction in the Estrogen-Deficient State.

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is commonly present in estrogen-deficient states, e.g., after menopause.

Evolving Role of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in the Management of Spine Metastases: Defining Dose and Dose Constraints.

When treating solid tumor spine metastases, stereotactic high-dose-per-fraction radiation, given in a single fraction or in a hypofractionated approach, has proved to be a highly effective and safe therapeutic option for any tumor histology, in the setting of de novo therapy, as salvage treatment of local progression after previous radiation, and in the postoperative setting. There are variations in practice based on the clinical presentation, goals of therapy, as well as institutional preferences. As a biologically potent therapy, a thoughtful and careful attention to detail with patient selection, treatment planning, and delivery is crucial for treatment success.

Digital Workflow for Producing Oral Positioning Radiotherapy Stents for Head and Neck Cancer.

Oral positioning radiotherapy stents are devices that protect healthy structures adjacent to the target volume of head and neck radiotherapy treatment, leading to reduced acute and chronic side effects. This study describes a digital workflow to produce an oral positioning radiotherapy stent and analyze its efficacy by measuring dosimetric variations with and without this stent. An oral positioning radiotherapy stent was created according to a digital workflow that included intraoral scanning, digital design, and 3D printing for a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue.

An assessment tool for municipal construction waste management in Brazilian municipalities.

Construction waste is generated during construction and remodelling undertakings. Construction waste management (CWM) is a challenge in developing countries such as Brazil. Thus, it is necessary to create tools by which CWM may be evaluated.

Spin current generation and control in carbon nanotubes by combining rotation and magnetic field.

We study the quantum dynamics of ballistic electrons in rotating carbon nanotubes in the presence of a uniform magnetic field. When the field is parallel to the nanotube axis, the rotation-induced electric field brings about the spin-orbit interaction which, together with the kinetic, inertial, and Zeeman terms, compose the Schrödinger-Pauli Hamiltonian of the system. Full diagonalization of this Hamiltonian yields the eigenstates and eigenenergies leading to the calculation of the charge and spin currents.

Development and validation of a clinical prediction-score model for distant metastases in major salivary gland carcinoma.

Background: The most common pattern of failure in major salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) is development of distant metastases (DMs). The objective of this study was to develop and validate a prediction score for DM in SGC.

Patients And Methods: Patients with SGC treated curatively at four tertiary cancer centers were divided into discovery (n = 619) and validation cohorts (n = 416).