Computed tomographic findings in dogs with ovarian tumors: A tortuous ovarian artery consistently identifies ovarian origin in complex abdominal masses.

The aim of this retrospective multicentric case series is to describe the CT findings of ovarian neoplasia in dogs. Twenty dogs with pre- and postcontrast CT exams and cytological/histological diagnosis of ovarian neoplasia were included. Five dogs presented with bilateral tumors, for a total of 25 neoplasms: 15 carcinomas (4 bilateral), 4 granulosa cell tumors, 2 poorly differentiated malignant neoplasia (bilateral), 2 luteomas, 1 teratoma, 1 dysgerminoma.

Spatial and single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of genetic and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's disease.

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) depends on environmental and heritable factors, with its molecular etiology still unclear. Here we present a spatial transcriptomic (ST) and single-nucleus transcriptomic survey of late-onset sporadic AD and AD in Down syndrome (DSAD). Studying DSAD provides an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the AD transcriptome, potentially bridging the gap between genetic mouse models and sporadic AD.

Cross-Cutting Approach for the Characterization of Microbial Emerging Hazards in Agriculture Settings from Circular Economy-Driven Wastewater Streams.

The recycling of biowaste from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in agriculture represents a circular economy-driven source of water and nutrients to support food system sustainability. However, biowaste may represent the source of emerging hazards of anthropogenic and animal origin that can transfer from agricultural soils to related food production, posing a risk to consumers' health, as in the case of outbreaks due to the consumption of ready-to-eat leafy vegetables contaminated with pathogenic . From this perspective, we propose a combined strategy based on both classical methods and culture-independent metagenomics approaches to identify microbial hazards relevant to foodborne diseases in WWTP-related biowastes.

Molecular and in silico analyses for detection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and highly pathogenic enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) using genetic markers located on plasmid, O Island 57 and O Island 71.

Background: Due to the diversity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates, detecting highly pathogenic strains in foodstuffs is challenging. Currently, reference protocols for STEC rely on the molecular detection of eae and the stx1 and/or stx2 genes, followed by the detection of serogroup-specific wzx or wzy genes related to the top 7 serogroups. However, these screening methods do not distinguish between samples in which a STEC possessing both determinants are present and those containing two or more organisms, each containing one of these genes.

Distribution and molecular analysis of Subtilase cytotoxin gene (subAB) variants in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolated from different sources in Iran.

Subtilase exhibits strong cytotoxicity that was first described in O113:H21 strain in Australia as a plasmid- encoded cytotoxin (subAB1). Subsequently, chromosomal variants including subAB2-1, subAB2-2, and subAB2-3 were described. We aimed to investigate the presence of subAB genes in a collection of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains (n=101) isolated from different sources in Iran.

Mitochondrial DNA control-region and coding-region data highlight geographically structured diversity and post-domestication population dynamics in worldwide donkeys.

Donkeys (Equus asinus) have been used extensively in agriculture and transportations since their domestication, ca. 5000-7000 years ago, but the increased mechanization of the last century has largely spoiled their role as burden animals, particularly in developed countries. Consequently, donkey breeds and population sizes have been declining for decades, and the diversity contributed by autochthonous gene pools has been eroded.

A model for the hydrothermal tremor source of the Mefite d'Ansanto (Italy) CO non-volcanic emissions in the intermediate frequency band (1-15 Hz).

In the Summer 2021 a seismic passive survey was carried out at Mefite d'Ansanto (Italy), well-known for the cold non-volcanic and lethal CO emissions. Mefite is located close to that part of Irpinia region hosting the large historical earthquakes' faults, that generated the destructive magnitude 6.8 earthquake of 1980 and have been related to the CO leakage by the scientific community.

Communicating and disseminating One Health: successes of the One Health European Joint Programme.

The application of a One Health approach recognizes that human health, animal health, plant health and ecosystem health are intrinsically connected. Tackling complex challenges associated with foodborne zoonoses, antimicrobial resistance, and emerging threats is imperative. Therefore, the One Health European Joint Programme was established within the European Union research programme Horizon 2020.

The ENCODE mouse postnatal developmental time course identifies regulatory programs of cell types and cell states.

Postnatal genomic regulation significantly influences tissue and organ maturation but is under-studied relative to existing genomic catalogs of adult tissues or prenatal development in mouse. The ENCODE4 consortium generated the first comprehensive single-nucleus resource of postnatal regulatory events across a diverse set of mouse tissues. The collection spans seven postnatal time points, mirroring human development from childhood to adulthood, and encompasses five core tissues.

Selective Pressure and Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Lineages BF.7 and BQ.1.1 Circulating in Italy from July to December 2022.

In this work, we studied the selective pressure and evolutionary analysis on the SARS-CoV-2 BF.7 and BQ.1.

Relapse to cocaine seeking is regulated by medial habenula NR4A2/NURR1 in mice.

Drugs of abuse can persistently change the reward circuit in ways that contribute to relapse behavior, partly via mechanisms that regulate chromatin structure and function. Nuclear orphan receptor subfamily4 groupA member2 (NR4A2, also known as NURR1) is an important effector of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3)-dependent mechanisms in persistent memory processes and is highly expressed in the medial habenula (MHb), a region that regulates nicotine-associated behaviors. Here, expressing the Nr4a2 dominant negative (Nurr2c) in the MHb blocks reinstatement of cocaine seeking in mice.

BIN1 suppresses glial response to plaques in mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: The BIN1 coding variant rs138047593 (K358R) is linked to Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease (LOAD) via targeted exome sequencing.

Methods: To elucidate the functional consequences of this rare coding variant on brain amyloidosis and neuroinflammation, we generated BIN1 knock-in mice using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. These mice were subsequently bred with 5xFAD transgenic mice, which serve as a model for Alzheimer's pathology.

Assessment of the combined inputs of antimicrobials from top soil improvers and irrigation waters on green leafy vegetable fields.

Sustainable food systems involve the recycling of biowaste and water. This study characterizes thirty-one top soil improvers of anthropogenic, animal, and green waste origin, along with eleven irrigation waters from rivers, channels, and civil wastewater treatment plants (cWWTPs) for the presence of antimicrobials. Liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) was employed to identify forty-eight drugs belonging to the classes of sulfonamides (11), tetracyclines (7), fluoroquinolones (10), macrolides (12), amphenicols (3), pleuromutilins (2), diaminopyrimidines (1), rifamycins (1) and licosamides (1).

Presumed mediastinal cysts have a low prevalence in canine thoracic computed tomographic studies.

Mediastinal cysts (MCs) are rare lesions that can arise from embryonic remnants of various mediastinal structures. MCs usually are incidental findings in dogs and cats; however, they can reach a mass-like appearance. The description of MCs on CT in dogs is limited.

Detection of Cleaved Stx2a in the Blood of STEC-Infected Patients.

Typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is mainly caused by Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) releasing Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2). Two different structures of this AB5 toxin have been described: uncleaved, with intact B and A chains, and cleaved, with intact B and a nicked A chain consisting of two fragments, A1 and A2, connected by a disulfide bond. Despite having the same toxic effect on sensitive cells, the two forms differ in their binding properties for circulating cells, serum components and complement factors, thus contributing to the pathogenesis of HUS differently.

Prevalence, MRI findings, and clinical features of lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion in French Bulldogs diagnosed with acute thoracic or lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion.

Introduction: Intervertebral disc protrusion (IVDP) is a neurological disorder commonly observed at the lumbosacral junction of old, medium-to-large breeds, non-chondrodystrophic dogs. Although uncommon, lumbosacral IVDP can also be seen in chondrodystrophic dogs, among them French Bulldogs (FBs) and could be associated with congenital vertebral malformations in this breed. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, clinical features, and MRI characteristics of lumbosacral IVDP and congenital vertebral malformations in FBs diagnosed with thoracic or lumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE) and to evaluate the possible interference of the neurologic deficits related to chronic IVDP on neurological examination.

Tracking the Selective Pressure Profile and Gene Flow of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Italy from April to October 2021 and Frequencies of Key Mutations from Three Representative Italian Regions.

The SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant of concern (VOC) was often associated with serious clinical course of the COVID-19 disease. Herein, we investigated the selective pressure, gene flow and evaluation on the frequencies of mutations causing amino acid substitutions in the Delta variant in three Italian regions. A total of 1500 SARS-CoV-2 Delta genomes, collected in Italy from April to October 2021 were investigated, including a subset of 596 from three Italian regions.

Impact of Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy and Hemoadsorption with CytoSorb on Antimicrobial Drug Removal in Critically Ill Children with Septic Shock: A Single-Center Prospective Study on a Pediatric Cohort.

Extracorporeal therapies (ET) are increasingly used in pediatric settings as adjuvant therapeutic strategies for overwhelming inflammatory conditions. Although these treatments seem to be effective for removing inflammatory mediators, their influence on antimicrobials pharmacokinetic should not be neglected. A prospective observational study of children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with a diagnosis of sepsis/septic shock.

Relationship between magnetic resonance imaging findings and histological grade in spinal peripheral nerve sheath tumors in dogs.

Background: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are a group of neoplasms originating from Schwann cells or pluripotent cell of the neural crest. Therapeutic options and prognosis are influenced by their degree of malignancy and location.

Hypothesis/objectives: Identify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features predictive of PNST histologic grade.

Spatial and single-nucleus transcriptomic analysis of genetic and sporadic forms of Alzheimer's Disease.

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) depends on environmental and heritable factors, with remarkable differences evident between individuals at the molecular level. Here we present a transcriptomic survey of AD using spatial transcriptomics (ST) and single-nucleus RNA-seq in cortical samples from early-stage AD, late-stage AD, and AD in Down Syndrome (AD in DS) donors. Studying AD in DS provides an opportunity to enhance our understanding of the AD transcriptome, potentially bridging the gap between genetic mouse models and sporadic AD.

European Union Reference Laboratories support the National food, feed and veterinary Reference Laboratories with rolling out whole genome sequencing in Europe.

The Inter European Union Reference Laboratories (EURLs) Working Group on Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) involves eight EURLs for microbiological food and feed hazards and has been working since 2017 to promote the adoption of NGS by the National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) in the European Union. This work illustrates the results of the first 5 years of activity. By working together, the EURLs involved have released guidance documents for assisting NRLs in all the steps of NGS, helping the transition from classical molecular methods towards whole genome sequencing while ensuring harmonization, with the final aim of improving preparedness in the use of NGS to characterize microbial hazards and trace the sources of infection.

Extracorporeal blood purification therapies for sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: expert opinion from the SIAARTI-SIN joint commission.

Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury is a life-threatening condition leading to high morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Over the past decades, several extracorporeal blood purification therapies have been developed for both sepsis and sepsis-associated acute kidney injury management. Despite the widespread use of extracorporeal blood purification therapies in clinical practice, it is still unclear when to start this kind of treatment and how to define its efficacy.

hdWGCNA identifies co-expression networks in high-dimensional transcriptomics data.

Biological systems are immensely complex, organized into a multi-scale hierarchy of functional units based on tightly regulated interactions between distinct molecules, cells, organs, and organisms. While experimental methods enable transcriptome-wide measurements across millions of cells, popular bioinformatic tools do not support systems-level analysis. Here we present hdWGCNA, a comprehensive framework for analyzing co-expression networks in high-dimensional transcriptomics data such as single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing (RNA-seq).

Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) in critically ill patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (RRT): expert opinion from the SIAARTI-SIN joint commission.

Renal replacement therapies (RRT) are essential to support critically ill patients with severe acute kidney injury (AKI), providing control of solutes, fluid balance and acid-base status. To maintain the patency of the extracorporeal circuit, minimizing downtime periods and blood losses due to filter clotting, an effective anticoagulation strategy is required.Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) has been introduced in clinical practice for continuous RRT (CRRT) in the early 1990s and has had a progressively wider acceptance in parallel to the development of simplified systems and safe protocols.