Maintaining essential healthcare services in Addis Ababa during COVID-19: A qualitative study.

Background: Worldwide, health systems have been challenged by the overwhelming demands of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Ethiopia, maintaining essential health services during the COVID-19 pandemic is critical to preventing severe outcomes and protecting the gains made over the past years in the health sector. This project aims to explore the health system's response to maintaining essential healthcare services in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Unraveling the genomic landscape of piscine myocarditis virus: mutation frequencies, viral diversity and evolutionary dynamics in Atlantic salmon.

Over a decade since its discovery, piscine myocarditis virus (PMCV) remains a significant pathogen in Atlantic salmon aquaculture. Despite this significant impact, the genomic landscape, evolutionary dynamics, and virulence factors of PMCV are poorly understood. This study enhances the existing PMCV sequence dataset by adding 34 genome sequences and 202 new ORF3 sequences from clinical cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) cases in Norwegian aquaculture.

Mott resistive switching initiated by topological defects.

Avalanche resistive switching is the fundamental process that triggers the sudden change of the electrical properties in solid-state devices under the action of intense electric fields. Despite its relevance for information processing, ultrafast electronics, neuromorphic devices, resistive memories and brain-inspired computation, the nature of the local stochastic fluctuations that drive the formation of metallic regions within the insulating state has remained hidden. Here, using operando X-ray nano-imaging, we have captured the origin of resistive switching in a VO-based device under working conditions.

Improvements in Sleep Quality in Patients With Major Depressive and Generalized Anxiety Disorders Treated With Individualized, Parcel-Guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.

Introduction: Poor quality sleep has often been cited as a cause of lowered quality of life in patients with affective disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). As sleep and affective disorders are affected by multi-network interactions, we hypothesize that the modulation of the central executive network (CEN), salience, and default mode networks (DMNs) through individualized repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) may improve sleep and quality of life.

Methods: A retrospective analysis from 2020 to 2023 was conducted in patients with affective disorders at Cingulum Health.

A New Variant of Avian Encephalomyelitis Virus Associated with Neurologic Signs in Turkey Poults.

Avian encephalomyelitis (AE) is a disease caused by the avian encephalomyelitis virus (AEV) of the genus Tremovirus in the family Picornaviridae. Recently, cases of turkey poults showing neurological signs were submitted to the veterinary diagnostic laboratories at South Dakota State University and the University of Minnesota. The affected birds were showing nervous neurological signs such as tremors, inability to stand, torticollis, and wing drop.

Fate of Optical Excitons in FAPbI Nanocube Superlattices.

Understanding the nature of the photoexcitation and ultrafast charge dynamics pathways in organic halide perovskite nanocubes and their aggregation into superlattices is key for potential applications as tunable light emitters, photon-harvesting materials, and light-amplification systems. In this work, we apply two-dimensional coherent electronic spectroscopy (2DES) to track in real time the formation of near-infrared optical excitons and their ultrafast relaxation in CH(NH)PbI nanocube superlattices. Our results unveil that the coherent ultrafast dynamics is limited by the combination of the inherent short exciton decay time (≃40 fs) and the dephasing due to the coupling with selective optical phonon modes at higher temperatures.

IHR-PVS National Bridging Workshop for Somalia: An interactive and participatory approach for operationalizing the One Health roadmap.

Background: National Bridging Workshops (NBW) are a tool for reviewing collaboration gaps between line ministries relevant to the One Health framework.

Methods: The NBW for Somalia was held on November 11-13, 2023 in Nairobi, Kenya with support from WHO and WOAH. Participants included representatives from the Somali government both national and sub-national (including Ministry of Health; Ministry of Livestock, Forestry and Range; Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation; and Ministry of Environment and Climate Change).

Clinical Significance of Respiratory Involvement in Cryptosporidiosis: Cross-Sectional Study of Children with Diarrhea and Respiratory Symptoms in Uganda.

Respiratory cryptosporidiosis is considered an occasional, late-stage complication of HIV/AIDS. This study aimed to assess the clinical importance of respiratory cryptosporidiosis in children with diarrhea and respiratory symptoms at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Children aged 9 to 36 months presenting with diarrhea and cough or unexplained tachypnea (N = 1,918) were screened for fecal Cryptosporidium using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Synthesis of indole-functionalized isoniazid conjugates with potent antimycobacterial and antioxidant efficacy.

Developing potent medicinal alternates for tuberculosis (TB) is highly desirable due to the advent of drug-resistant lethal TB strains. Novel indole-isoniazid integrates have been synthesized with promising antimycobacterial action against the strain, and the nitro analogs and show the highest efficacy with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.25 μg/ml.

Design and Synthesis of Isatin-Tagged Isoniazid Conjugates with Cogent Antituberculosis and Radical Quenching Competence: In-vitro and In-silico Evaluations.

In pursuit of potential chemotherapeutic alternates to combat severe tuberculosis infections, novel heterocyclic templates derived from clinically approved anti-TB drug isoniazid and isatin have been synthesized that demonstrate potent inhibitory action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and compound 4i with nitrophenyl motif exhibited the highest anti-TB efficacy with a MIC value of 2.54 μM/ml. Notably, the same nitro analog 4i shows the best antioxidant efficacy among all the synthesized compounds with an IC value of 37.

Anthropogenic events and responses to environmental stress are shaping the genomes of Ethiopian indigenous goats.

Anthropological and biophysical processes have shaped livestock genomes over Millenia and can explain their current geographic distribution and genetic divergence. We analyzed 57 Ethiopian indigenous domestic goat genomes alongside 67 equivalents of east, west, and north-west African, European, South Asian, Middle East, and wild Bezoar goats. Cluster, ADMIXTURE (K = 4) and phylogenetic analysis revealed four genetic groups comprising African, European, South Asian, and wild Bezoar goats.

Discovery and Genomic Characterization of a Novel Hepadnavirus from Asymptomatic Anadromous Alewife ().

The alewife ( is an anadromous herring that inhabits waters of northeastern North America. This prey species is a critical forage for piscivorous birds, mammals, and fishes in estuarine and oceanic ecosystems. During a discovery project tailored to identify potentially emerging pathogens of this species, we obtained the full genome of a novel hepadnavirus (ApHBV) from clinically normal alewives collected from the Maurice River, Great Egg Harbor River, and Delaware River in New Jersey, USA during 2015-2018.

Facile synthesis and studies of benzothiazole-linked hydroxypyrazolones targeting -amylase and -glucosidase.

The objective of the present investigation was to design and synthesize new heterocyclic hybrids comprising benzothiazole and indenopyrazolone pharmacophoric units in a single molecular framework targeting α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymatic inhibition. 20 new benzothiazole-appended indenopyrazoles, , were synthesized in good yields under environment-friendly conditions via cycloaddition reaction, and assessed for antidiabetic activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, using acarbose as the standard reference. Among all the hydroxypyrazolones, and showed the best inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, which finds support from molecular docking and dynamic studies.

Analysis of Emerging Variants of Turkey Reovirus using Machine Learning.

Avian reoviruses continue to cause disease in turkeys with varied pathogenicity and tissue tropism. Turkey enteric reovirus has been identified as a causative agent of enteritis or inapparent infections in turkeys. The new emerging variants of turkey reovirus, tentatively named turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV) and turkey hepatitis reovirus (THRV), are linked to tenosynovitis/arthritis and hepatitis, respectively.

Post-traumatic hyperoxia after pediatric TBI.

Objective: Hyperoxia has been suggested as a mechanism for secondary injury following adult traumatic brain injury (TBI), but its effects have not been well described in pediatric patients.

Methods: Pediatric (≤18yo) TBI patients were identified in a prospective institutional registry from October 2008 to April 2022. The first, highest, and the Area Under the Curve (AUC) PaO2 in the first 24 hours were collected and calculated for each patient from arterial blood gas reports after admission to the ICU.

Why we should have a universal air quality index?

Air pollution is known to be one of the major risk factors for premature morbidity and mortality globally, which are preventable. Therefore, the public is informed about air pollution through the Air Quality Index (AQI). The AQI represents integrated data of selected pollutants and produces a combined overall index for specific locations and time.

Unraveling the Role of Deep Eutectic Solvents with Varying Hydrogen-Bond Acceptors on the Thermoresponsive Polymer Poly(-isopropylacrylamide).

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have emerged as promising tools for crafting polymeric materials across diverse domains. This study delves into the impact of a series of DESs on the phase behavior of poly(-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) in aqueous environments, presenting compelling insights into their performance. Specifically, we explore the conformational phase behavior of PNIPAM in the presence of four distinct lactic acid (LA)-based DESs: LA-betaine (LA-BET), LA-proline (LA-PRO), LA-choline chloride (LA-CC), and LA-urea (LA-U).

Geographical Expansion of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B: First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Avian Metapneumovirus Subtype B in US Poultry.

Avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), classified within the family, wreaks havoc on poultry health. It typically causes upper respiratory tract and reproductive tract infections, mainly in turkeys, chickens, and ducks. Four subtypes of AMPV (A, B, C, D) and two unclassified subtypes have been identified, of which subtypes A and B are widely distributed across the world.

Design, synthesis, α-amylase and glucose diffusion inhibition, and molecular docking studies of new indenopyrazolones bearing benzothiazole derivatives.

An eco-friendly facile synthesis of a series of twenty 1-(4/6-substitutedbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-3-(phenyl/substitutedphenyl)indeno[1,2-c]pyrazol-4(1H)-ones 7a-t was achieved by the reaction of 2-(benzoyl/substitutedbenzoyl)-(1H)-indene-1,3(2H)-dione 3a-t and 2-hydrazinyl-4/6-substitutedbenzo[d]thiazole 6a-t in presence of freshly dried ethanol and glacial acetic acid under reflux conditions in good yields. The newly synthesized derivatives were well characterized using different physical and spectral techniques (FTIR, H NMR & C NMR, and HRMS). All the compounds were subjected to assess their in vitro α-amylase and glucose diffusion inhibitory activity.

Embolic necrosuppurative pneumonia in domestic cats induced by a novel species.

Three cats, aged 2 to 11 years, presented to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory over a 3-year period following euthanasia or death due to respiratory distress. Thoracic radiographs revealed nodular, soft tissue opacities throughout the lung fields in all cases. On postmortem examination, approximately 60% to 80% of the lung parenchyma were expanded by multifocal to coalescing, well-demarcated, beige, semi-firm nodules.

Temperature projections and heatwave attribution scenarios over India: A systematic review.

The average global temperature is rising due to anthropogenic emissions. Hence, a systematic approach was used to examine the projected impacts of rising global temperatures on heatwaves in India and provide insights into mitigation and adaptation strategies. With over 24,000 deaths attributed to heatwaves from 1992 to 2015, there is an urgent need to understand India's vulnerabilities and prepare adaptive strategies under various emission scenarios.