4D printing: a cutting-edge platform for biomedical applications.

Nature's materials have evolved over time to be able to respond to environmental stimuli by generating complex structures that can change their functions in response to distance, time, and direction of stimuli. A number of technical efforts are currently being made to improve printing resolution, shape fidelity, and printing speed to mimic the structural design of natural materials with three-dimensional printing. Unfortunately, this technology is limited by the fact that printed objects are static and cannot be reshaped dynamically in response to stimuli.

Recent progress in extrusion 3D bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials for tissue regeneration: a comprehensive review with focus on advanced fabrication techniques.

Over the last decade, 3D bioprinting has received immense attention from research communities for developing functional tissues. Thanks to the complexity of tissues, various bioprinting methods have been exploited to figure out the challenges of tissue fabrication, in which hydrogels are widely adopted as a bioink in cell printing technologies based on the extrusion principle. Thus far, there is a wealth of literature proposing the crucial parameters of extrusion-based bioprinting of hydrogel biomaterials (e.

Influence of Hybridization on Tensile Behaviors of Non-Absorbable Braided Polymeric Sutures.

This paper aims to investigate the effects of fiber hybridization technique on the mechanical behaviors of non-absorbable braided composite sutures. Fifteen types of hybrid braided sutures (HBSs) made of polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), and polyamide 6 (PA6) are produced and tested to measure ultimate tensile strength (UTS), maximum strain, elastic modulus, and breaking toughness. Based on the results, it is observed that the suture material plays a significant role in the tensile and mechanical performance of HBSs, and they can be tailored through the different combinations of yarns according to the required mechanical properties.