Biopsychosocial Experiences of Elite Athletes Retiring From Sport for Career-Ending Injuries: A Critically Appraised Topic.

Clinical Scenario: Injuries cause individuals varying amounts of time loss from participation, which may depend on injury and sport-specific factors such as level of participation. Athletes who never return to sport either choose or are forced to retire due to numerous factors. At elite levels of play, when an athlete chooses retirement, they have the opportunity to create and execute a retirement plan; however, if unexpected (eg, due to career-ending injury), athletes may struggle to transition out of sport effectively, impacting physical, mental, and social health.

The impact of COVID-19 on the hot food takeaway planning regulatory environment: perspectives of local authority professionals in the North East of England.

Aims: Planning regulations have been used to prevent the over-proliferation of hot food takeaways, minimising the impact of local obesogenic environments. To help mitigate the effects of lockdown, the UK government introduced temporary changes in March 2020 to Planning Regulations for England, allowing food retailers to open for takeaway services beyond 'ancillary' level without needing to apply for planning permission through permitted development rights (PDR). Businesses are required to notify their local authority (LA) when they implement PDRs.

Investigating the relationship between bullying involvement and self-harmful thoughts and behaviour in young people: A systematic review.

Background: There is a complex and inconsistent relationship between bullying involvement and self-harmful thoughts and behaviour (SHTB) in young people. This novel systematic review aims to establish key interacting, moderating and mediating variables associated with SHTB in young people involved in bullying.

Methods: The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42020192023.

Exploring acute and non-specific effects of mobile app-based response inhibition training on food evaluation and intake.

Previous studies have demonstrated that response inhibition training can modify the appeal of palatable and energy-dense foods, thus serving as a potential intervention for weight management, via changes in food selection and intake. However, empirical findings of efficacy have been inconsistent across studies due to heterogenous approaches to measuring salient appetitive outcomes, training implementation strategies, and sample recruitment. Systematic assessment of both affective and motivational components of food reward may help characterise to what extent devaluation can be generalised to nutritionally similar foods post-training.

OnabotulinumtoxinA Dosing, Disease Severity, and Treatment Benefit in Patients With Cervical Dystonia: A Cohort Analysis From CD PROBE.

Introduction: The Cervical Dystonia Patient Registry for Observation of OnabotulinumtoxinA Efficacy (CD PROBE) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00836017), a multicenter, prospective, observational registry, was designed to identify real-world practices and outcomes for patients with cervical dystonia (CD) treated with onabotulinumtoxinA (onabotA). This secondary analysis from CD PROBE aims to determine the impact of presentation subtype on onabotA utilization and CD severity.

Predictors of Physical Abuse in Elder Patients With Fracture.

Introduction: Elder abuse is a public health issue requiring attention. Unlike abuse in the pediatric population, predictors of elder abuse in patients with fracture have not been well defined.

Methods: Elderly patients with physical abuse and fracture were abstracted using the 2007 to 2017 National Emergency Department Sample database.

Single-level posterior lumbar fusions in patients with Ehlers Danlos Syndrome not found to be associated with increased postoperative adverse events or five-year reoperations.

Background: Ehlers Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is a rare connective tissue disorder that results from mutations in collagen genes. Potentially related to laxity and resultant degenerative changes, adult EDS patients may require posterior lumbar fusion (PLF). However, with low numbers, adequately powered outcome studies have been limited.

Modelled estimates of hospitalisations attributable to respiratory syncytial virus and influenza in Australia, 2009-2017.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza are important causes of disease in children and adults. In Australia, information on the burden of RSV in adults is particularly limited.

Methods: We used time series analysis to estimate respiratory, acute respiratory infection, pneumonia and influenza, and bronchiolitis hospitalisations attributable to RSV and influenza in Australia during 2009 through 2017.

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency after bariatric surgery: a bariatric surgery center of excellence experience.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, bloating, abdominal pain, and nausea are common after bariatric surgery (BS) and can lead to significant morbidity. While many diagnoses can explain these symptoms, post-bariatric exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) is becoming increasingly recognized as contributor to gastrointestinal symptoms. The frequency and outcomes of EPI after BS are not well understood.

Efficacy, safety and toxicity management of adjuvant abemaciclib in early stage HR+/HER2- high-risk breast cancer.

Introduction: The majority of the over 250,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed in the United States are driven by hormone receptor signaling (HR+). Since 2015, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) have become the standard in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) for patients facing HR+ metastatic disease.

Areas Covered: There are now three approved agents in the HR+ metastatic setting such as abemaciclib, ribociclib, and palbociclib.

Therapeutic Hypothermia on Transport: The Quest for Efficiency: Results of a Quality Improvement Project.

Introduction: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) within 6 hours after birth is known to improve both survival and neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Meeting this recommended target temperature for neonates who require transport for TH treatment can be complex for various reasons. This study aimed to reduce the time from birth to the initiation of TH and target temperature, thereby increasing the proportion of transported neonates reaching target temperature within 6 hours to >50%.

Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: A UK MS-register based study.

Background: Fatigue is a widely experienced, incapacitating symptom of MS. It hinders daily functioning and has deleterious effects on quality of life. The UK MS Register is an online registry of over 20,000 participants with MS.

The global burden of sore throat and group A pharyngitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Contemporary data for the global burden of sore throat and group A (Strep A) pharyngitis are required to understand the frequency of disease and develop value propositions for Strep A vaccines.

Methods: We used Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science platform to search WoS core collection, PubMed, Medline, data citation index, KCI-Korean Journal Database, Russian Science Citation Index, and the SciELO Citation Index for articles published between Jan 1, 2000, and Feb 15, 2021, from any country and in any language. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist.

Timing and temporal trends of influenza and pertussis vaccinations during pregnancy in three Australian jurisdictions: The Links2HealthierBubs population-based linked cohort study, 2012-2017.

Background: Antenatal inactivated influenza (IIV) and pertussis-containing vaccines (dTpa) offer protection against severe respiratory infections for pregnant women and infants <6 months of age. Both vaccines are recommended in pregnancy; however, little is known about temporal or jurisdictional trends and predictors of uptake.

Aims: To identify gaps and predictors of IIV and/or dTpa vaccinations in Australian pregnancies from 2012 to 2017.

Plasma-based assays distinguish hyperfibrinolysis and shutdown subgroups in trauma-induced coagulopathy.

Background: Trauma patients with abnormal fibrinolysis have increased morbidity and mortality. Knowledge of mechanisms differentiating fibrinolytic phenotypes is important to optimize treatment. We hypothesized that subjects with abnormal fibrinolysis identified by whole blood viscoelastometry can also be distinguished by plasma thrombin generation, clot structure, fibrin formation, and plasmin generation measurements.

The Utility of MRI With Multiacquisition Variable-Resonance Image Combination (MAVRIC) in Diagnosing Deep Total Hip Arthroplasty Infection.

: The 2010 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Clinical Practice Guidelines report insufficient evidence to address the diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). : The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of MRI with multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination (MAVRIC) metal artifact suppression techniques in diagnosing PJI in the setting of total hip arthroplasty (THA). : Multiacquisition variable-resonance image combination MRIs obtained of THAs between November 2012 and November 2016 were queried.

Effectiveness of 7-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Against Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Medically At-Risk Children in Australia: A Record Linkage Study.

Background: Children with chronic medical conditions are at higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), but little is known about the effectiveness of the primary course of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) in these children.

Methods: A cohort born in 2001-2004 from two Australian states and identified as medically at-risk (MAR) of IPD either using ICD-coded hospitalizations (with conditions of interest identified by 6 months of age) or linked perinatal data (for prematurity) were followed to age 5 years for notified IPD by serotype. We categorized fully vaccinated children as either receiving PCV dose 3 by <12 months of age or ≥1 PCV dose at ≥12 months of age.

Emergency department visits within 90 days of single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Background: Postoperative readmissions are a commonly used metric for quality-of-care initiatives, but emergency department (ED) visits have received far less attention despite their substantial impact on patient satisfaction and healthcare spending. The current study described the incidence and timing of ED visits following single-level ACDF, determined predictive factors and reasons for ED utilization, and compared reimbursement for patients with and without ED use.

Methods: Single-level ACDF procedures from 2010-2020 were identified in PearlDiver using CPT codes.

Prevalence of respiratory viruses in community-acquired pneumonia in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Respiratory viruses are increasingly detected in children with community-acquired pneumonia but prevalence estimates vary substantially. We aimed to systematically review and pool estimates for 22 viruses commonly associated with community-acquired pneumonia.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of each of the common respiratory viruses detected by any diagnostic method in children aged up to 18 years with community-acquired pneumonia.

Maternal influenza vaccination and child mortality: Longitudinal, population-based linked cohort study.

Influenza vaccination is recommended to protect mothers and their infants from influenza. Few studies have evaluated the association between maternal influenza vaccination and child mortality. We aimed to evaluate the association between in utero exposure to seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and mortality among young children.

Immuno-Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19: Implications for Timing of Surgery and Anticoagulation.

Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, global governing bodies prioritized transmissibility-based precautions and hospital capacity as the foundation for delay of elective procedures. As elective surgical volumes increased, convalescent COVID-19 patients faced increased postoperative morbidity and mortality and clinicians had limited evidence for stratifying individual risk in this population. Clear evidence now demonstrates that those recovering from COVID-19 have increased postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Global, regional, and national disease burden estimates of acute lower respiratory infections due to respiratory syncytial virus in children younger than 5 years in 2019: a systematic analysis.

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of acute lower respiratory infection in young children. We previously estimated that in 2015, 33·1 million episodes of RSV-associated acute lower respiratory infection occurred in children aged 0-60 months, resulting in a total of 118 200 deaths worldwide. Since then, several community surveillance studies have been done to obtain a more precise estimation of RSV associated community deaths.