Healthy Mom Zone Adaptive Intervention With a Novel Control System and Digital Platform to Manage Gestational Weight Gain in Pregnant Women With Overweight or Obesity: Study Design and Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Regulating gestational weight gain (GWG) in pregnant women with overweight or obesity is difficult, particularly because of the narrow range of recommended GWG for optimal health outcomes. Given that many pregnant women show excessive GWG and considering the lack of a "gold standard" intervention to manage GWG, there is a timely need for effective and efficient approaches to regulate GWG. We have enhanced the Healthy Mom Zone (HMZ) 2.

Vimentin filament transport and organization revealed by single-particle tracking and 3D FIB-SEM.

Vimentin intermediate filaments (VIFs) form complex, tightly packed networks; due to this density, traditional imaging approaches cannot discern single-filament behavior. To address this, we developed and validated a sparse vimentin-SunTag labeling strategy, enabling single-particle tracking of individual VIFs and providing a sensitive, unbiased, and quantitative method for measuring global VIF motility. Using this approach, we define the steady-state VIF motility rate, showing a constant ∼8% of VIFs undergo directed microtubule-based motion irrespective of subcellular location or local filament density.

Home-based heat therapy lowers blood pressure and improves endothelial function in older adults.

Advancing age is associated with vascular dysfunction and hypertension, both of which increase cardiovascular event risk. Heat therapy has emerged as a novel intervention to improve cardiovascular health in various populations. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that home-based lower body heat therapy would reduce blood pressure and improve endothelium-dependent vasodilation in older adults.

Executive functioning is linked to feeding practices and food insecurity in Head Start mothers.

Lower executive functioning is associated with more reactive, coercive general parenting practices. Parents who experience poverty, a chronic stressor, may have compromised executive functioning that impacts parenting practices, but less is known about the impact on parent feeding practices. This study examined associations between maternal executive functioning and feeding practices among families living in low-income contexts.

A Brief Report on a Systematic Review of Real-World Effectiveness Studies of ICS/LAMA/LABA for Treatment of Adults with Asthma in the US.

Introduction: Long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) addition to inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β-agonist (ICS/LABA) dual therapy is recommended for severe asthma, but its real-world effectiveness is not well established.

Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) to investigate clinical outcomes in US adults with asthma receiving ICS + LABA + LAMA as multiple-/single-inhaler triple therapy (MITT/SITT). Real-world/observational studies published in English in Embase/MEDLINE databases (2014-2024) and conference abstracts presented 2022-2024 were eligible for inclusion.

Prevalence and Correlates of Lifetime Ecstasy/MDMA Use Among Asian American and Pacific Islander Adult Populations in the United States, 2015-2020.

Little is known about ecstasy/MDMA use among Asian American and Pacific Islander populations. Research is important because AAPIs face unique cultural factors that may influence use. We estimated the prevalence and correlates of lifetime ecstasy/MDMA use based on a representative sample of US AAPI adults aged ≥18 from the 2015-2020 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

Exploring pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) modality preferences among black cisgender women attending family planning clinics in Chicago via a cross-sectional mixed-methods study.

Background: Despite pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) demonstrated effectiveness, black cisgender women continue to be at an elevated risk for HIV acquisition and uptake of daily oral PrEP is low in this population in the USA. As advancements in PrEP delivery options continue, it is important to understand women's acceptability of these additional options, specifically black cisgender women, in order to inform uptake and adherence among this population at increased need of HIV prevention options.

Setting: A cross-sectional survey among black cisgender women ages 13-45 (inclusive) attending women's health clinics in Chicago, Illinois, USA, prior to the approval of cabotegravir long-acting injectable.

Mental rotational skills from pre to mid-adolescence: What a novel test tells us about skill development.

Objective: This study investigates the development of mental rotation skills in male and female youth from a longitudinal study at ages 9/10 (baseline), 11/12 (Year 2), and 13/14 (Year 4) using a relatively novel task, the Little Man Task.

Method: The Little Man Task consists of four humanoid figures holding an object in either hand and rotated on two axes at 0° or 180°. Participants were prompted to indicate which of the figure's hands (left or right) was holding the object.

When the lung invades: a review of avian postcranial skeletal pneumaticity.

Birds are unique among extant tetrapods in exhibiting air-filled cavities that arise from the respiratory system and invade postcranial bones, a phenomenon called postcranial skeletal pneumaticity (PSP). These intraosseous cavities originate from diverticula of the ventilatory air sacs or directly from the gas-exchanging lung. Despite a long history of study, many of the basic characteristics of this system remain poorly understood.

Unidirectional airflow, air sacs or the horizontal septum: what does it take to make a bird lung?

In this review, we evaluate the differences between the pulmonary anatomy of birds and other sauropsids, specifically those traits that make the avian respiratory system distinct: a fully decoupled and immobilized, isovolumetric gas-exchanging lung separated from compliant ventilatory air sacs by a horizontal septum. Imaging data, three-dimensional digital anatomical models and dissection images from a red-tailed hawk (), common ostrich (), barred owl (), African grey parrot () and zebra finch () are used to demonstrate the anatomical variation seen in the pulmonary air sacs, diverticula and the horizontal septum. We address the current state of knowledge regarding the avian respiratory system and the myriad areas that require further study, including the comparative and quantitative ecomorphology of the bronchial tree and air sacs, the non-ventilatory functions of the sacs and diverticula, the fluid dynamics and anatomical mechanisms underlying unidirectional airflow, post-cranial skeletal pneumaticity, and how all of these factors impact reconstructions of respiratory tissues in extinct archosaurs, particularly ornithodirans (i.

A silent opponent: Staphylococcus aureus and its impact on wrestlers.

Community acquired methicillin resistant infections have surged dramatically over the past decade. Athletes in contact sports, especially wrestlers, represent a unique subset of young, healthy individuals who are at heightened risk for transmitting methicillin resistant . The sport of wrestling has seen a significant increase in participation, particularly among adolescents, underscoring its growing popularity and the urgent need to address this issue.

Utilizing Recorded Resuscitations for Neonatal Team Process Improvement.

Newborn resuscitation requires health care professionals to quickly assemble into a high-functioning integrated team. At the authors' academic children's hospital, there are billions of permutations of team composition that could attend a complex newborn delivery at any given time. ResusOne, a resuscitation safety and performance improvement program, uses recorded neonatal resuscitations to identify areas for improvement.

The economic impact of caregiving for individuals with Angelman syndrome in the United States: results from a caregiver survey.

Background: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurogenetic disorder characterized by persistent cognitive and functional impairments that necessitate lifelong care. Caring for individuals with AS leads to substantial household costs, as well as impacts on work productivity, leisure time, and quality of life for caregivers. The economic value of these impacts in the United States (US) has not been well studied.

Recommendations to Improve Outcomes in Acne and Acne Sequelae: A Focus on Trifarotene and Other Retinoids.

Acne vulgaris affects nearly 50 million people in the USA, ranking as the eighth most prevalent disease globally. This chronic inflammatory skin condition often results in sequelae, including atrophic acne scars, acne-induced macular erythema and acne-induced hyperpigmentation, impacting patients' quality of life. This commentary article reviews the use of topical retinoids, with a particular emphasis on trifarotene cream 0.

Nationwide, Pragmatic, Direct-to-Patient Primary Aldosteronism Testing Program.

Background: Primary aldosteronism, an endocrinopathy present in ≥10% to 25% of patients with hypertension, confers excess cardiovascular risk that can be mitigated with aldosterone-directed therapy. However, only 2% of eligible patients undergo guideline-recommended screening. This study aimed to bypass clinical inertia and identify people with primary aldosteronism using pragmatic, direct-to-patient testing.

The role of nerve transfers in chronic nerve compression syndromes.

Purpose: Compression neuropathy is a common problem that results in impaired axonal conduction, and with time, numbness, tingling and weakness from muscle atrophy. Supercharge reverse end-to-side (SETS) nerve transfers have emerged as a novel approach to augment function in chronic nerve compression syndromes with minimal donor site morbidity. This review answers the question, "What are the indications, surgical techniques, and nuances of SETS nerve transfers for ulnar, axillary, radial, and femoral compression neuropathies?".

Plasma proteomic analysis of intermuscular fat links muscle integrity with processing speed in older adults.

Introduction: More intermuscular fat (IMF) has been associated with lower cognitive performance and faster age-associated decline in cognitive function however, the mechanisms driving this relationship have not been fully elucidated. We utilized proteomic analyses to identify the molecular mediators of the association between IMF and cognition to gain further insight into the mechanisms underlying this association.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the plasma proteomic profile of IMF was assessed in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA; n=941, age=66.

Novel mitochondrial-targeted alkyl chains act as fungal specific inhibitors of .

is the causal agent of cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised patients and increasing instances of anti-fungal resistance have led to investigations into new alternative antifungal targets. For example, possesses an Alternative Oxidase enzyme (Aox) that has been implicated in stress resistance and virulence that may represent a viable antifungal target. Here we test the efficacy of mitochondrially-targeted Colletochlorin B, which has been shown to inhibit the Aox of .

Harnessing the Power of Machine Learning to Prevent Gender-Based Violence: Using Big Data Techniques to Enhance Research on Violence Against Women.

Data on incidents involving violence against women is becoming increasingly accessible, thanks in part to the Violence Against Women Act of 1994 and its reauthorizations. Technology facilitates the sharing of data and qualitative experiences in online forums and social media platforms, which has led to growing demand for analytical tools like data mining and machine learning algorithms to handle these large-scale data sources. This research note provides an overview of the application of big data techniques to research on violence against women and contributes to the discussion on ethical concerns for artificial intelligence in the violence against women research field.

Perspectives on a system-oriented trauma-informed approach in schools: A qualitative study using the Trauma-Informed Programs and Practices for Schools (TIPPS) framework.

Exposure to trauma and early adversity can negatively affect youth development. Educational settings are well-positioned to help youth build resilience to the effects of trauma; however, they remain poorly equipped to implement strategies that support youth with trauma histories. Thus, we investigated the extent to which schools have implemented a trauma-informed approach, which was conceptualized using the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Four R's of Trauma-Informed Care and the Trauma-Informed Programs and Practices for Schools (TIPPS) framework.