How do I prescribe and manage mIDH inhibitors in patients with IDH-mutant glioma?

Recent interest has been in using mIDH inhibitors in patients with IDH-mutant gliomas. This review paper summarizes the indications, side effects, recommended dosing, and management for patients on ivosidenib and vorasidenib.

Indirect Treatment Comparisons in Healthcare Decision Making: A Targeted Review of Regulatory Approval, Reimbursement, and Pricing Recommendations Globally for Oncology Drugs in 2021-2023.

Introduction: Indirect treatment comparisons (ITCs) evaluate novel treatments compared to appropriate comparators when direct evidence is unavailable or infeasible. The objective of this study was to highlight the prevalence of different ITC methods in oncology drug submissions and to provide insights into how ITCs have been used in recent regulatory approval, reimbursement recommendations, or pricing decisions across various regions and diverse assessment frameworks.

Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted to identify assessment documents for oncology drug submissions that included ITCs.

Advancements in chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T-cell therapy for glioblastoma multiforme: Literature review and future directions.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive cancer that has been difficult to treat and often requires multimodal therapy consisting of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Chimeric antigen receptor-expressing (CAR-T) cells have been efficacious in treating hematological malignancies, resulting in several FDA-approved therapies. CAR-T cells have been more recently studied for the treatment of GBM, with some promising preclinical and clinical results.

Principle and antimicrobial efficacy of laser-activated irrigation: A narrative review.

In the last two decades, the activation of root canal irrigants with pulsed lasers as an adjunct in root canal treatment has become increasingly popular. This narrative review explains the physical basics and the working mechanism of laser-activated irrigation (LAI), explores the parameters influencing LAI efficacy, considers historical evolutions in the field and summarizes laboratory and clinical evidence with emphasis on the antimicrobial action of LAI. Cavitation is the driving force behind LAI, with growing and imploding vapour bubbles around the laser tip causing various secondary phenomena in the irrigant, leading to intense liquid dynamics throughout the underlying root canal.

A 22-year follow-up cross-sectional study on periapical health in relation to the quality of root canal treatment in a Belgian population.

Aim: To investigate the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and the technical standard of root canal treatment in a Belgian population, assess the association of different variables with periapical status, and compare the results to a similar study conducted 22 years previously.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 614 panoramic radiographs of first-time adult attendees at the Dental School of the University Hospital of Ghent were examined. Recorded patient-level parameters included gender, age, number of teeth, number of root filled teeth, presence of any AP lesion, and number of implants.

Developing a computable phenotype for glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor, and thus it is important to be able to identify patients with this diagnosis for population studies. However, this can be challenging as diagnostic codes are nonspecific. The aim of this study was to create a computable phenotype (CP) for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) from structured and unstructured data to identify patients with this condition in a large electronic health record (EHR).

Comparative efficacy of materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious teeth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Different materials have been used for capping the pulp after exposure during caries removal in permanent teeth. The purpose of this study was to collate and analyze all pertinent evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different materials used in patients undergoing pulpotomy or direct pulp capping in carious teeth.

Materials And Methods: Trials comparing two or more capping agents used for direct pulp capping (DPC) or pulpotomy were considered eligible.

Impact of Low-Dose Computed Tomography and Physician Education on Referral for Head Shape.

Imaging before specialist evaluation of abnormal head shape is associated with a delay in evaluation and an increase in radiation exposure. A retrospective cohort study was performed to identify referral patterns before and after the implementation of a low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) protocol and physician education to examine the intervention's impact on time to evaluation and radiation exposure. Six hundred sixty-nine patients with an abnormal head shape diagnosis at a single academic medical center between July 1, 2014 and December 1, 2019 were reviewed.

Ventriculo-inferior-venacaval shunt salvage via endovascular surgery.

Introduction: Hydrocephalus treatment can be very challenging. While some hydrocephalic patients can be treated endoscopically, many will require ventricular shunting. Frequent shunt issues over a lifetime is not uncommon.

A retrospective study on the incidence, management and risk factors of skin rash in patients with advanced prostate cancer in Japan.

Background: Worldwide, prostate cancer (PC) is the second most diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men. Hormonal therapies, commonly used for PC, are associated with a range of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). The population from Japan seems to be at higher risk of developing TEAEs of skin rash compared to the overall global population.

Protocols for cleaning the incisor access cavity contaminated with epoxy resin sealer.

This study compared different methods for cleaning the sealer-contaminated access cavity of upper incisors. After standard endodontic access, the canals of 50 extracted maxillary incisors were chemomechanically prepared and obturated with gutta-percha and epoxy resin sealer. Teeth were randomly assigned to one of five different pulp chamber cleaning protocols (n = 10): air/water spray, ethanol-saturated cotton pellet (CP), ethanol-saturated microbrush reaching the root filling (MB), MB + air polishing (PROPHYflex; KaVo), or MB + etching with 37% phosphoric acid.

Explaining the working mechanism of laser-activated irrigation and its action on microbial biofilms: A high-speed imaging study.

Aim: Laser-activated irrigation (LAI) using pulsed erbium lasers has been studied with regard to canal cleaning, but its working mechanism remains poorly understood. This study sought to unravel the method of action of LAI and to assess its effect on bacterial biofilms in a root canal model, by means of high-speed imaging.

Methodology: A root canal model consisting of dentine and glass walls was used.

Human ankle joint movements during walking are probably not determined by talar morphology.

Knowledge about the orientation of a representative ankle joint axis is limited to studies of tarsal morphology and of quasistatic movements. The aim of our study was therefore to determine the development of the axis orientation during walking. Intracortical bone pins were used to monitor the kinematics of the talus and tibia of five healthy volunteers.

What are we measuring? A refined look at the process of disrupted autoregulation and the limitations of cerebral perfusion pressure in preventing secondary injury after traumatic brain injury.

The cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and its relationship between intracranial pressure and mean arterial pressure is a concept ubiquitous in caring for the critically ill patient. CPP is often used as a surrogate measure for cerebral blood flow (CBF); however, this view fails to account for changes in cerebral vascular resistance (CVR). Changes in CVR occur due to cerebral autoregulation, which has classically been taught on a sigma shaped curve with a decline and increase at either end of a plateau.

Assessing the correlation between second progression-free survival (PFS2) and overall survival (OS) in advanced prostate cancer patients using medical data vision (MDV) claims database in Japan.

Objective: To assess the correlation between PFS2 and OS among patients with advanced prostate cancer (PC) in a real-world setting for Japan.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis using the Japanese MDV database. Patients with nmCRPC (non-metastatic Castration-Resistant PC), mCRPC (metastatic Castration-Resistant PC), and mCNPC (metastatic Castration-Naïve PC) were identified and their medical records were investigated for PFS2 and death.

Preoperative Radiographic Prediction Tool for Early Postoperative Segmental and Lumbar Lordosis Alignment After Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Objective Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a common approach and results in varying degrees of lordosis correction. The purpose of this study is to determine preoperative radiographic spinopelvic parameters that predict change in postoperative segmental and lumbar lordosis after TLIF. Materials & Methods This study is a single surgeon retrospective review of one-level and two-level TLIFs from L3-S1.

Aseptic meningitis, hepatitis and cholestasis induced by trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole: a case report.

Background: Drug-induced aseptic meningitis is a rare, but challenging diagnosis, most commonly reported with nonsteoroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and antibiotics. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is a sulfonamide that is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment and prophylaxis of various infections. The most common side effects associated with TMP/SMX are generally mild and self-limited, but serious side effects have been reported, including liver injury and aseptic meningitis.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor masquerading as an anterior choroidal artery fusiform aneurysm.

Background: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare, poorly understood tumor that has been found to occur in almost every organ tissue. Its location within the central nervous system is uncommon, and patients tend to present with nonspecific symptoms.

Case Description: A female in her eighth decade presented to neurosurgery clinic with complaints of headache and dizziness.

Model system parameters influence the sodium hypochlorite susceptibility of endodontic biofilms.

Aim: To evaluate in a laboratory setting the influence of several model system parameters on the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) susceptibility of endodontic biofilms. Based on these findings, a relevant in vitro endodontic biofilm model is proposed.

Methodology: In vitro biofilms were cultured, varying the following experimental model parameters: biofilm composition (monospecies Enterococcus faecalis and a multispecies biofilm including E.

Efficacy of different irrigation technique in simulated curved root canals.

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the canal curvature on the efficacy of sonically, ultrasonically, and laser-activated irrigation in removing a biofilm-mimicking hydrogel (BMH) from simulated canal irregularities. Transparent resin blocks containing a curved root canal (40° or 60°) were used as test models. A 4-mm groove at 1 mm from the apex was filled with BMH.

The Decisive Role of Laser Doppler Flowmetry for Pulp Preservation in Discolored Traumatized Teeth.

: It has been stated that blood pigments within discolored teeth may interfere with Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) measurements. The aim of this study was to assess pulp vitality with LDF in a cohort of discolored traumatized teeth referred for endodontic treatment or where the referring dentist had doubts regarding maintained tooth vitality. Discoloration of teeth is a common sequel of dental trauma.