Exploring Multiplex Immunohistochemistry (mIHC) Techniques and Histopathology Image Analysis: Current Practice and Potential for Clinical Incorporation.

Background: By simultaneously staining multiple immunomarkers on a single tissue section, multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) enhances the amount of information that can be observed in a single tissue section and thus can be a powerful tool to visualise cellular interactions directly in the tumour microenvironment. Performing mIHC remains technically and practically challenging, and this technique has many limitations if not properly validated. However, with proper validation, heterogeneity between histopathological images can be avoided.

Morphologic study of patent ductus arteriosus based on computed tomography data in 25 dogs.

Introduction: The objective of this study is to analyze the morphology and measurement dimensions of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) based on computed tomography images.

Methods: The present study retrospectively evaluated computed tomography angiography data from 25 client-owned dogs diagnosed with PDA. PDA was reconstructed based on the central axis and the minimum diameter, ampulla diameter, angle, ampulla cross-section area, and length values were measured at specific measurement sites.

Priming versus propagating: distinct immune effects of an alpha- versus beta-particle emitting radiopharmaceutical when combined with immune checkpoint inhibition.

Radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) enhances tumor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in preclinical models, but the effects of different radioisotopes have not been thoroughly compared. To evaluate mechanisms of response to RPT+ICI, we used NM600, an alkylphosphocholine selectively taken up by most tumors. Effects of Y-, Lu-, and Ac-NM600 + ICIs were compared in syngeneic murine models, B78 melanoma (poorly immunogenic) and MC38 colorectal cancer (immunogenic).

Association of Bile Acids with Connectivity of Executive Control and Default Mode Networks in Patients with Major Depression.

Objective: Bile acids may contribute to pathophysiologic markers of Alzheimer's disease, including disruptions of the executive control network (ECN) and the default mode network (DMN). Cognitive dysfunction is common in major depressive disorder (MDD), but whether bile acids impact these networks in MDD patients is unknown.

Methods: Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans and blood measures of four bile acids from 74 treatment-naïve adults with MDD were analyzed.

Enabling immune checkpoint blockade efficacy in T-lymphopenia by restoring CD8 T cell dynamics with IL-7 cytokine therapy.

Introduction: T-lymphopenia (TLP) is a frequently observed condition in cancer patients, often exacerbated by conventional chemo/radiotherapy, which impairs the efficacy of subsequent immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. This study aimed to understand the impact of TLP on ICB responsiveness and explore potential therapeutic strategies to enhance antitumor immunity.

Methods: To investigate ICB responsiveness depending on the severity of TLP, first, we established TLP mouse models that mimic clinically observed mild and severe TLP through thymectomy and anti-Thy1-induced peripheral T cell depletion.

The Impact of Evolving Endometriosis Guidelines on Diagnosis and Observational Health Studies.

Study Question: Do recent changes in European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE) clinical guidelines result in more comprehensive diagnosis of women with endometriosis?

Summary Answer: The latest shift in clinical guidelines results in diagnosis of more women with endometriosis but current ESHRE diagnostic criteria do not capture a sizable percentage of women with the disease.

What Is Known Already: Historically, laparoscopy was the gold standard for diagnosing endometriosis, a complex gynecological condition marked by a heterogeneous set of symptoms that vary widely among women. More recently, changes in clinical guidelines have shifted to incorporate imaging-based approaches such as transvaginal sonography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Efficacy and Safety of Silodosin for the Treatment of Female LUTS: A 12-Week Prospective, Single-Center Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of silodosin in female patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs), addressing the limited evidence supporting alpha-blocker use in this population.

Methods: A 12-week, single-arm, prospective, open-label study was conducted from May 2021 to January 2023. Female patients aged over 18 with an International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) ≥ 8 were enrolled and treated with silodosin (8 mg once daily).

Sexual Stigma, Descriptive Norms, and U.S. Gay and Bisexual Men's Intentions to Perform Mpox Preventive Behaviors.

Based on the theory of normative social behavior, this research investigated the moderating role of three forms of sexual stigma - enacted, felt, and internalized - in the relationship between perceived descriptive norms and intentions of gay and bisexual men to engage in three preventive behaviors during the 2022 mpox outbreak in the U.S. Through an online survey conducted among 439 gay and bisexual men in September 2022, we observed that participants' perceived descriptive norms regarding mpox preventive behaviors among gay and bisexual male friends and among gay and bisexual men in general were both positively related to their intentions to adopt the recommended mpox preventive behaviors.

Epitaxy of Emerging Materials and Advanced Heterostructures for Microelectronics and Quantum Sciences.

Epitaxy, a process to prepare crystalline materials in nanostructures and thin films, is the core technology for preparing high-quality materials as a key enabler of next-generation microelectronics and quantum information system. Progress in epitaxy has been expanding the choice of materials and their heterostructures beyond the combinations limited by materials compatibility. However, the improvement of material quality, physical implementation of materials with unique properties, and integration of incommensurate materials in an architecture have been the challenging issues.

Expert Consensus on Developing Information and Communication Technology-Based Patient Education Guidelines for Rheumatic Diseases in the Korea.

Background: This study aimed to identify key priorities for the development of guidelines for information and communication technology (ICT)-based patient education tailored to the needs of patients with rheumatic diseases (RDs) in the Republic of Korea, based on expert consensus.

Methods: A two-round modified Delphi study was conducted with 20 rheumatology, patient education, and digital health literacy experts. A total of 35 items covering 7 domains and 18 subdomains were evaluated.

Detection of microplastics in pterygium tissue: Implications for environmental hazards.

Purpose: This study aimed to report a case of microplastics (MPs) detection in a pterygium patient's tissue.

Case Report: A pterygium specimen was obtained from the right eye of a 43-year-old woman by surgical removal of a recurred pterygium. The number, morphology, and material type of the MPs in pterygium were identified using Raman microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Epidemiological Characteristics of HIV-Infected Individuals by the Registration for Special Exempted Calculation: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: The Korean government is implementing policy to reduce medical costs and improve treatment related for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients. The level of cost reduction and the benefits provided vary depending on how individuals with HIV utilize the system. This study aims to determine exact HIV prevalence by analyzing healthcare utilization patterns and examining differences in healthcare usage based on how individuals pay for their medical expenses.

COVID-19 Vaccination Recommendations for 2024-2025 in Korea.

The Korean Society of Infectious Diseases has been regularly publishing guidelines for adult immunization since 2007. Following the release of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination recommendations in 2023, significant changes have occurred due to the emergence of new variant strains and the waning immunity from previous vaccinations. This article provides a comprehensive update as of November 2024, incorporating the latest evidence and guidelines.

Deep Learning Analysis of White Matter Hyperintensity and its Association with Comprehensive Vascular Factors in Two Large General Populations.

Although the relationships between basic clinical parameters and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) have been studied, the associations between vascular factors and WMH volume in general populations remain unclear. We investigated the associations between clinical parameters including comprehensive vascular factors and WMH in two large general populations. This retrospective, cross-sectional study involved two populations: individuals who underwent general health examinations at the Asan Medical Center (AMC) and participants from a regional cohort, the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Plasma-assisted MnO surface engineered activated carbon felt for enhanced heavy metal adsorption.

This study explores the enhanced adsorption performance of activated carbon felt (ACF) for Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions, achieved using a dual-synergistic approach combining MnO coating and plasma treatment. ACF's intrinsic properties, including a high surface area (~ 1000-2000 m²/g), large porosity, and excellent mechanical stability, make it a promising material for environmental applications. However, its limited surface functional groups hinder its adsorption efficiency for heavy metals.

Long-term correction of hemophilia A via integration of a functionally enhanced FVIII gene into the AAVS1 locus by nickase in patient-derived iPSCs.

Hemophilia A (HA) is caused by mutations in coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). Genome editing in conjunction with patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is a promising cell therapy strategy, as it replaces dysfunctional proteins resulting from genetic mutations with normal proteins. However, the low expression level and short half-life of FVIII still remain significant limiting factors in the efficacy of these approaches in HA.

Subtype-specific prognostic impact of Bcl-2 in HER2-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer.

Bcl-2, a key regulator of cellular apoptosis, is typically linked to adverse prognosis in solid tumors due to its inhibition of apoptotic cell death and promotion of cellular proliferation, leading to tumor progression. However, studies on Bcl-2 in breast cancer have shown inconsistent results, with some indicating favorable outcomes. This study aims to determine the subtype-specific role of Bcl-2 in breast cancer.

Association between low fasting glucose of the living donor and risk of graft loss in the recipient after liver transplantation.

Several donor-specific factors influence the functional recovery and long-term outcomes of liver grafts. This study investigated the association between donor fasting glucose (DFG) and recipient outcomes after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in 950 cases at a single center. Patients were divided into two groups: low-DFG (< 85 mg/dL, n = 120) and control (≥ 85 mg/dL, n = 830).

Low-threshold surface-emitting colloidal quantum-dot circular Bragg laser array.

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are attractive gain media due to their wavelength-tunability and low optical gain threshold. Consequently, CQD lasers, especially the surface-emitting ones, are promising candidates for display, sensing and communication. However, it remains challenging to achieve a low-threshold surface-emitting CQD laser array with high stability and integration density.

Co-administration of polyethylene glycol with binge ethanol reduces markers of intestinal and hepatic inflammation in C57BL/6J mice by diminishing ethanol absorption through the intestinal wall.

Background: Therapeutic options for managing intestinal and hepatic inflammation associated with alcohol consumption, a prevalent health problem worldwide, remain unavailable. This study examines the potential efficacy of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in mitigating the intestinal and hepatic damage, employing a mouse model for assessment.

Methods: First, the mixture of ethanol (4 g/kg body weight) and PEG (2 g/kg body weight) or an equivalent volume of vehicle was administered orally alcohol consumption.

Optimized preparation of alginate/nanocellulose/polypyrrole composite hydrogel via in-situ polymerization for high-efficiency solar desalination and wastewater purification.

In the field of solar steam generation, hydrogels with interfacial evaporation configurations stand as a promising candidate for solar evaporators. Hydrogel-based photothermal materials provide excellent hydration channels for supplying water to an evaporative layer due to their porous structure and hydrophilic nature. This work proposed a facile and in-situ fabrication of sodium alginate hydrogel incorporated with cellulose nanocrystals and polypyrrole as an effective photothermal material.

Executive Summary of the American Radium Society Appropriate Use Criteria: Regional Nodal Irradiation for Breast Cancer.

Objectives: Recent literature has provided additional data to further individualize treatment recommendations on regional nodal irradiation (RNI) patient selection and delivery techniques, but controversies surrounding optimal RNI utilization remain, including radiation technique, modality selection, and internal mammary lymph node (IMN) inclusion. The American Radium Society (ARS) Breast Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) Committee performed a systematic review and developed a consensus guideline to summarize recent data and provide evidence-based recommendations.

Methods: A multidisciplinary panel comprised of 15 members representing radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, and surgical oncologists specializing in the treatment of breast cancer conducted an analysis of the medical literature from January 1, 2011 to April 1, 2024.